Download The Roman Empire

THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Questions for 2/21
1. Who made up the Second Triumvirate?
2. When did the Roman Republic end?
3. During the rule of emperors, the empire
continued to _________ and grant
___________.
4. What does Pax Romana mean?
5. How long did the Pax Romana last?
6. Who governed the people during the Pax
Romana?
7. Who was Rome’s first emperor?
8. What emperor began construction of the
Colosseum?
9. During the Pax Romana, which emperor
expanded Rome to its maximum size?
• The Second Triumvirate was formed in 43 B.C.
– Octavian (Julius Caesar’s nephew)
– Mark Antony
– Marcus Lepidus
• They divided the Roman Empire among
themselves.
– Octavian-Italy and the west
– Antony-Greece and the east
– Lepidus-North Africa
• The Roman Republic ended when Octavian
became the sole leader and was given the title
“Augustus Caesar” and established the rule of
emperors.
• During the rule of emperors, the empire
continued to expand and grant citizenship
(especially in the northern and eastern parts
of Europe)
Pax Romana
• Change from Republic to Empire (lasted the
next 500 years)
• Pax Romana = “the Roman Peace”
– About 200 years (until ~180 A.D.)
– Time of prosperity & peace
– People were proud to be Romans
– Army became world’s most powerful fighting force
– Soldiers made roads, bridges, forts, etc.
• Empire spread eastward & westward
• Emperors govern the people
Notable Emperors
• Caesar Augustus (Octavian)
– Rome’s first emperor
– Brought order and stability to Rome
– Created a permanent and professional army
– Began police force & fire brigade
– Peaceful, trade grew
Notable Emperors
• Caligula
–murdered many people and spent
money recklessly
–Cruel & mentally unstable
–Declared himself god & tried to make
his horse a senator
–Bodyguards assassinated him
Notable Emperors
• Claudius
– Governed effectively
– Returned artwork stolen by Caligula
– Improved empire conditions
– Granted more citizenships
– Improved laws
Notable Emperors
• Nero
– Brutal emperor who killed many people
– As terrible as Caligula
– Poisoned stepbrother & murdered his wife
& mother
– After his death, civil war broke out
Notable Emperors
• Vespasian
– Began the construction of the Colosseum
– His sons Titus and Domitian also ruled during an
era of growth and prosperity
The “Good Emperors”
• Nerva
– revised taxes, land reforms helped the poor
• Trajan
– Rome reached it greatest extent during “Pax
Romana” when there were no major wars or
rebellions ( expanded Roman empire to its
maximum size)
The “Good Emperors”
• Hadrian
– Made Roman law easier to understand
• Antonious Plus
– Enacted laws that helped orphans
• Marcus Aurelius
– Marcus was greatest
– Founded schools, hospitals, lowered taxes,
helped the poor
– Thought his rule was a moral responsibility
Questions for 2/22
1. What language is the basis for the “Romance Languages?”
What are the romance languages?
2. Latin terms are extensively used in the fields of
_________, _____, and ________, with every species of
plant and animal given a Latin name.
3. What achievement allowed the empire to be unified, both
for trade and protection?
4. What were designed to supply fresh water to cities?
5. What are two things that ancient Romans built that are
still functional today?
6. What architectural feature did the Romans use
to build higher, more stable structures?
7. The Romans also were the first to seriously
incorporate the use of ________ in their
structures.
8. What was the Colosseum used for?
9. The combination of these political and cultural
features allowed Rome to enjoy a time of
_______, __________, and ___________
culminating in the ______ __________, or
"Roman Peace."
The Roman civilization has had a lasting impact
on our world today in terms of language,
government, architecture and engineering!
Roman Growth
• Roman engineering (roads, aqueducts,
buildings) help spread their influence to the
world
• Many cities around the world were founded at
this time that still exist (all because of Rome)
• Latin is the basis for many current languages
– Ex: Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, &
Romanian
Latin
• Latin, the language of the Romans, is the basis of
the "Romance Languages" (from Roman): Italian,
Spanish, French, Portuguese, and Romanian
• Even though English developed from Germanic
languages, much of its vocabulary is influenced
by or comes directly from Latin (examples include
et cetera, veto, curriculum)
• Latin terms are extensively used in the fields of
medicine, law, and science, with every species of
plant and animal given a Latin name
Architecture and Engineering
• In architecture and engineering, the Romans
greatly advanced previous accomplishments
and were often geared toward solving
problems associated with everyday life.
Roman Roads
• They were made
of cement-so
strong that some
are still used
today!
• Drainage ditches
kept water off of
roads
• They were in
straight lines
• “All roads lead to
Rome”
• Roman roads were a significant achievement
that allowed the empire to be unified, both
for trade and protection.
Aqueducts
• Designed to supply fresh water to cities
• Another example of engineering marvels from
the Romans
• Many aqueducts and roads built by
the Romans are still functional today,
a testament to their engineering
prowess (expertise).
The Arch
• Romans were able to modify the traditional
post and lintel construction and develop the
arch, which they utilized to build higher, more
stable structures, the most famous example
being the Coliseum. The arch has a “keystone”
or middle stone that helped support the arch.
Domes
• The Romans also were the first to seriously
incorporate the use of domes in their
structures.
Government & Law
• Roman Empire grew huge
– From Britain & Spain (west) to Iran (east)
– Different languages & religions
– Able to unite & rule due to common Latin
– Traveled Roman roads, used Roman measures,
obeyed the laws and were defended by Roman
armies
Basic principles
• The following are basic principles from the
Roman Empire that the U.S. still follows today
:
(just
review)
– All free people have equal rights before the law
– A person must be considered innocent until he or she
is proven guilty
– Accused people should be allowed to face their
accusers and defend themselves
– Judges must interpret the law and make decisions
fairly
– People have rights that no government can take away
Entertainment
• Loved to celebrate & entertain!
• Plays in theaters, religious ceremonies, fake/real
battles
• Colosseum: sports arena that could seat 50,000
people
– Gladiator fights
– Professional fighters or slaves who fought to the death
by each other or animals
– Very brutal, a bloodbath
– “thumbs down” = death by popular opinion
–
(learn360- gladiators)
• The combination of these political and cultural
features allowed Rome to enjoy a time of
peace, prosperity, and expansion culminating
in the Pax Romana, or "Roman Peace"
Questions for 2/22
1. What language is the basis for the “Romance Languages?”
What are the romance languages?
2. Latin terms are extensively used in the fields of
_________, _____, and ________, with every species of
plant and animal given a Latin name.
3. What achievement allowed the empire to be unified, both
for trade and protection?
4. What were designed to supply fresh water to cities?
5. What are two things that ancient Romans built that are
still functional today?
6. What architectural feature did the Romans use
to build higher, more stable structures?
7. The Romans also were the first to seriously
incorporate the use of ________ in their
structures.
8. What was the Colosseum used for?
9. The combination of these political and cultural
features allowed Rome to enjoy a time of
_______, __________, and ___________
culminating in the ______ __________, or
"Roman Peace."
Questions for 2/22
1. What language is the basis for the “Romance Languages?”
What are the romance languages?
2. Latin terms are extensively used in the fields of
_________, _____, and ________, with every species of
plant and animal given a Latin name.
3. What achievement allowed the empire to be unified, both
for trade and protection?
4. What were designed to supply fresh water to cities?
1. What are two things that ancient Romans built that are
still functional today?
6. What architectural feature did the Romans use
to build higher, more stable structures?
7. The Romans also were the first to seriously
incorporate the use of ________ in their
structures.
8. What was the Colosseum used for?
9. The combination of these political and cultural
features allowed Rome to enjoy a time of
_______, __________, and ___________
culminating in the ______ __________, or
"Roman Peace."
Questions for 2/22
1. What language is the basis for the “Romance Languages?”
What are the romance languages?
2. Latin terms are extensively used in the fields of
_________, _____, and ________, with every species of
plant and animal given a Latin name.
3. What achievement allowed the empire to be unified, both
for trade and protection?
4. What were designed to supply fresh water to cities?
1. What are two things that ancient Romans built that are
still functional today?
6. What architectural feature did the Romans use
to build higher, more stable structures?
7. The Romans also were the first to seriously
incorporate the use of ________ in their
structures.
8. What was the Colosseum used for?
9. The combination of these political and cultural
features allowed Rome to enjoy a time of
_______, __________, and ___________
culminating in the ______ __________, or
"Roman Peace."