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ANSWER KEY FOR EBP EXAM FOR MODULES 2 (THE TWO TRUTHS) and 3 (MIND AND ITS POTENTIAL) Part 1: True-False Questions Put an X in the appropriate box to indicate if the statement is true or false. QUESTION 1. Whatever exists is either impermanent or permanent. 2. According to Buddhism, a permanent phenomenon is something that exists forever. 3. According to the Vaibhasika (Great Exposition) school, a partless particle of matter is an example of an ultimate truth. 4. According to the Sautrantika (Sutra) school, ultimate truths are permanent phenomena like space. 5. Of the four schools, Vaibhasika and Sautrantika are Hinayana schools, whereas Cittamatra and Madhyamaka are Mahayana schools. 6. The Cittamatra (Mind-Only) school says that an object such as a table really exists outside of us, independent of our mind. 7. The founder of the Madhyamika (Middle Way) school was Nagarjuna. 8. According to both Madhyamika schools (Svantantrika and Prasangika), conventional truths are phenomena other than emptiness. 9. All four Buddhist schools assert a selflessness of phenomena. 10. All four Buddhist schools assert that there is no self-sufficient, substantially existent self/person. TRUE FALSE X X X X X X X X X X Part 2: Multiple-Choice—Put an X on the line beside the most correct of the three points. (Note: in some cases, more than one of the three points may be correct, so choose the one that is the most accurate/correct.) 1. The three types of impermanent phenomena are: ___ a. matter, consciousness, and space _X_ b. form, consciousness, and non-associated compositional factors ___ c. bodies, minds, and selflessness 2. Some examples of permanent phenomena are: _X_ a. non-compounded space, true cessation, and emptiness ___ b. the absence of an elephant in the room, a person, and a house ___ c. an atom, space, and consciousness 1 3. The two truths are: ___ a. the truth of nirvana and the truth of enlightenment ___ b. the truth of suffering and the truth of the cessation of suffering _X_ c. conventional truth and ultimate truth 4. The reason it is important to understand the two truths is because _X_ a. ignorance about the actual way things exist is the root of all suffering, and we need to understand the two truths to overcome ignorance ___ b. they are easier to understand than the four noble truths ___ c. they were taught by the Buddha and we should try to accept whatever he taught 5. The Vaibhasika (Great Exposition) school says that a conventional truth is ___ a. something that does not have parts ___ b. something that is permanent _X_ c. something that, if separated into parts, ceases to be that thing 6. The Sautrantika (Sutra) school is based mainly on the works of _X_ a. Dignaga and Dharmakirti ___ b. Nagarjuna and Chandrakirti ___ c. Atisa and Lama Tsongkhapa 7. According to the Sautrantika school, which of the following is an example of an ultimate truth? ___ a. the emptiness of inherent existence of a cup _X_ b. a cup ___ c. uncompounded space 8. According to the Sautrantika school, which of the following is an example of a conventional truth? ___ a. the emptiness of inherent existence of a cup ___ b. a cup _X_ c. uncompounded space 9. According to the Cittamatra school, when we see a cup, ___ a. the cup exists externally and is a condition for the eye consciousness that sees it ___ b. we immediately react with either attachment or aversion _X_ c. both the eye consciousness seeing the cup and the cup arise simultaneously from a karmic seed in the mind 10. According to the Cittamatra school, “no external object” means ___ a. nothing exists except mind _X_ b. there are no objects that do no arise from seeds (latencies) on our mind ___ c. there is not the slightest difference between the waking state and the dream state 2 11. Which of the following is the best description of ultimate truth according to Cittamatra? ___ a. the emptiness of inherent existence of all phenomena ___ b. phenomena that are impermanent and change moment by moment _X_ c. the emptiness of an object (e.g. a cup) and the subject (mind) that perceives it being separate entities 12. The Madhyamika school is a “middle way” between the two extremes of _X_ a. eternalism and nihilism ___ b. theism and atheism ___ c. hedonism and asceticism 13. Which of the following is the best description of “true existence” (which things are empty of) according to the Madhyamika Svatantrikas? ___ a. things appear as if they were permanent, not changing moment by moment _X_ b. things appear as if they had their own objective mode of existence, which does not depend on the mind ___ c. things which are illusions, such as a mirage or an echo, appear as if they are real 14. According to the Prasangikas, ultimate truth is: ___ a. the lack of a permanent, unitary, and independent self _X_ b. the emptiness of inherent existent of all phenomena ___ c. the impermanent, changing nature of all things 15. The Prasangikas say that we can realize that an object, such as a table, is empty of inherent existence by contemplating that it depends on: ___ a. the mind, delusions, and karma ___ b. seeds planted in the mind-basis-of-all _X_c. its causes & conditions, its parts, and being labeled by the mind 16. According to Buddhism, our mind is: ___ a. a product or function of our brain _X_ b. an impermanent, non-physical phenomenon that experiences objects ___ c. part of a universal, cosmic consciousness 17. The meaning of “the non-duality of subject (mind) and object” is: _X_ a. in any moment, these two things—mind and its object—always come together as one entity, or in “one package” ___ b. a mind and its object are one thing, not two separate things ___ c. since the mind is an impermanent phenomenon, its objects always have to be impermanent things 3 18. Which of the following is the best description of a perception? ___ a. a state of mind that arises in dependence on a physical sense organ, such as the eye _X_ b. a non-conceptual state of mind that experiences its object in an immediate or bare way ___ c. a state of mind that experiences a pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral feeling towards its object 19. Which of the following is the best description of a conception? _X_ a. a mental state that does not experience its object in an immediate or bare way, but through the medium of a mental image ___ b. any state of mind other than the five sense perceptions ___ c. a state of mind that is always deluded and obstructs our attainment of liberation and enlightenment 20. Conceptions are said to be always “mistaken” because ___ a. they are never able to understand things correctly, as they are _X_ b. what appears to a conception is a mental image of an object, and this image appears as if it is the actual object although it is not, and the conception is unable to recognize that it is not ___ c. they are always accompanied by delusions such as anger or attachment Part 3: Matching – Below is a table containing a list of 10 phrases, followed by a list of 10 terms (A-J). Insert in the box on the right the letter corresponding to the term that best matches the phrase. For example: PHRASE 1. XXXXXXXXXX LETTER G THE TEN PHRASES 1. A state of mind that thinks that sound is permanent. LETTER H 2. A Buddhist school that asserts that all phenomena are empty of true existence. 3. The mental image of a toy in the mind of a small child who has not yet learned language. 4. Seeing a mirage in the desert as a lake. D 5. A Buddhist school that asserts the existence of partless particles of matter and partless moments of mind. A 6. Mere clarity and awareness. E I G 4 7. A Mahayana Buddhist school founded by Asanga that doesn’t accept external objects, but asserts eight types of consciousness. C 8. The image you have in your mind of a place you have never visited but have heard about. J 9. The non-physical nature of the mind. F 10. A Hinayana Buddhist school that asserts that impermanent phenomena, such as bodies and minds, are ultimate truths. B THE TEN TERMS A. Vaibhasika B. Sautrantika C. Cittamatra D. Madhyamika E. mind F. clarity G. wrong perception H. wrong conception I. experiential mental image J. nominal mental image FEEDBACK Please write any comments you would like to make about these two modules and about this exam. Thank you and best wishes! Sangye Khadro 5