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the body system that helps to use the air you breathe. - General Purpose exchange of gases between you and your environment external respiration – gas exchange between the environment and our lungs internal respiration – gas exchange between lungs/blood and body cells cellular respiration – inside the cell itself Structure mouth and nose – entry and exit points for gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide pharynx – throat larynx – voice box; air moves past two ligaments causing sound trachea – windpipe; connects mouth/nose to the bronchial tubes bronchial tubes – two branches from the trachea that lead to each lung Structure (cont.) bronchioles – smaller branches that extend from the bronchial tubes further into the lungs alveoli – small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; where gas (O2 and CO2) exchange takes place (300 million in the lungs) lungs – two cone-shaped organs that fill with air during breathing diaphragm – main muscle used in the breathing; contracts when you inhale and relaxes when you exhale Care Avoid smoking Avoid Second Hand Smoke (in some cases can be worse then smoking itself) Avoid polluted air Asthma – avoid asthma triggers such as pet hair, dust and other irritants Exercise – specifically running, jogging or bicycling (cardio) increases O2 circulation Problems bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchial tubes; often caused by a severe cold pneumonia – infection of an area of the lungs; caused by exposure to sudden changes in temperature, alcoholism or poor nutrition asthma – condition whereby thick mucous is produced by the bronchioles making it difficult to breathe. This is another type of AutoImmune disorder. Problems (cont.) tuberculosis – disease caused by the development of tubercles or nodules on the lungs. emphysema – causes the alveoli to disintegrate making it difficult for air to pass out of the lungs; condition cannot be reversed; smoking is a major cause. lung cancer – abnormal growth of cells in the lungs , 2nd Leading cause of cancer deaths. First Aid Choking/Heimlich Maneuver – forces air out of the lungs in order to push out an object that is blocking the airway (for a standing, conscious victim). Abdominal Thrusts – same principle as the Heimlich, but for an unconscious victim lying on their back. This is taught by AHA – American Heart Association Rescue Breathing – requires breathing for the victim while the victim’s heart continues to beat. First Aid Procedures – 3 C’s: Check – Call – Care Check ABCs (first aid emergency basics) Airway, Breathing, Circulation Working together… Circulatory – heart pumps blood through the lungs; blood carries O2 to all body cells Excretory – release CO2 out of the body through the nose and mouth Muscular – diaphragm enables us to inhale/exhale