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Chapter 5.1 Personality Development Major factors affect the development of personality. What is personality? Common answer Characteristics of a person Nice Good looking Social skills Polite funny What is personality? Sociologists say Sum total of behaviors, attitude, beliefs, and values that are characteristic of an individual. Personality traits Determine how we adjust To our environment How we react in specific situations Personalities over time Personalities constantly change during the first half of a person’s life. Find new interests Like new things Personalities change for all sorts of reasons 2 largest reasons Nature Nurture Nature vs. Nurture Heredity The transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to children. Social environment Contact with other people Nature’s Argument Most human behavior is instinct in origin. Instinct an unchanging, biologically inherited behavior pattern. Birds = building nests Birds = migrate in winter This leads to humans having 10,000 instincts: Laugh Smile breath Nurture’s Argument A person’s behavior and personality are the result of his or her social environment and learning Pavlov’s Dog experiment Developed an unconditional response 1970’s Sociobiology Systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior. Sociobiologists argument Varied cultural characteristics are rooted in genetic makeup of humans. Competition Envy Hate Faith……religion? 4 major factors that shape individual personality development heredity parents Personality Birth order Cultural environment Heredity Characteristics present at birth. Body build Hair type Eye color Skin pigmentation Aptitudes A capacity to learn a particular skill or acquire a particular body of knowledge. Natural talents Sports Music Birth Order Personalities are influenced by whether we have siblings: 1st born Middle child Achievement oriented More affectionate but confused Last child Risk takers Intellectual rebels Parental Characteristics A parents personality directly impacts a child’s personality Hate Anger Happiness politeness Cultural Environment Cultural environment determines Basic types of personalities found in society. USA Competitiveness Assertiveness individualism China Competitiveness Family oriented Group oriented Isolations of children Feral children Wild or untamed children Can children develop on their own with no help? 1938 “Anna” Born to unmarried woman Grandfather locked her in the attic Only fed her once a day No interaction Found in 1938 by social worker Could not Walk Talk Feed herself No facial expressions Isabelle Born to unmarried woman Grandfather locked her and Mother in the attic Only fed her once a day Interaction with mom only Found in 1960 by social worker Could not Talk Walk Ate with her hands