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Behaviorist Perspective & Social – Cognitive Theory Module 43 Skinner Applies to Personality • Behaviors are determined by environmental stimuli • Personality is, “a collection of response tendencies that are tied to various stimulus situations” • Reinforcements Personality & Operant Conditioning • Reinforcement, punishment, extinction, etc. • Tell a joke at a party & people laugh… • More likely to tell jokes • Tell a joke at a party & no one laughs… • Don’t tell jokes at parties anymore Albert Bandura • Interaction of persons and their situations is the way personality develops • What we think about our situations affects our behavior • Reciprocal Determinism Expectancies • Bandura says that your expectations guide your behaviors • You think this class will be good • Things will be good • You heard Mrs. Pehle is an evil teacher • Things won’t be as good Ways you interact with environment • Different people choose different environments • Our personalities shape how we interpret and react to events • Our personalities help create situations to which we react Self-Efficacy • Your belief about your ability to perform behaviors that should lead to successful outcomes • Based on past experiences, you should be successful in certain areas Locus of Control • J.B. Rotter • Internal: in control of one’s own destiny • External: outside forces determine one’s fate Internals vs. Externals • Internals … • Achieve more in school • Act more independently • Enjoy better health • Externals • Don’t blame themselves when things go wrong • See good or bad things as part of their personality instead of separate events Learned Helplessness • People who feel • • • • helpless often view their control as external Starts with an uncontrollable bad event Perceived lack of control Helpless behavior DEPRESSION Optimism • If you perceive negative events in life as small setbacks or learning a new approach, you’re probably optimistic • Attribution style • Optimism tends to lead to better health