Download Chapter 9 Study Guide Key

March
Goal – Review for tomorrow’s Test
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Please have out your study guides to be checked in.
Practice Review Quiz
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True/False – be sure to explain both sides
Discuss Study Guide
Any time left over? Study/read over Chapter 9
Homework – Study – Chapter 9 Test is tomorrow – last performance
grade of the quarter!
Chapter 9 Study Guide Key
7th Grade World History
Vocabulary
 Cavalry – a unit of soldiers who ride horses. The Persian
empire was known for their use of cavalry, helping to make
them so victorious in battle
 Hellenistic – Greek-like - when a cultural idea is heavily
influenced by Greek ideas (Example – cities of Alexandria
created by Alexander.)
 Parthenon – Great temple in Athens dedicated to the goddess
Athena. Commissioned by Pericles after the Persian Wars.
People to Know
 Cyrus the Great – Rebelled against the Medes to create the
Persian Empire. Known for letting others keep their customs
to help prevent rebellions
 Darius I – Leader of the Persians when Greek mainland citystates sent help to the Ionian city-states. Leader during the
Battle of Marathon
People to Know
 Xerxes I – the son of Darius. Was the leader of the Persian Wars
during the battles of Thermopylae, Salamis & Plataea. Set up his
golden throne to watch the Battle of Salamis – which he lost,
forcing him to retreat to Persia
 Alexander the Great – Macedonian King – came to power after his
father was murdered. Helped to create the largest empire in the
world at that point. Never lost a battle. Died at age 32 from
malaria.
Battles of the Persian Wars
 Battle of Marathon –
 490 BCE
 Persians want revenge for city-states helping the rebelling
Ionian Greeks.
 Athens asks Sparta for help – they said no due to a religious
festival
 Athens out numbered 2 to 1
 Due to better weapons & plans – Athens wins!
 Outcome – Persians will want revenge
Battles of the Persian Wars
 Battle of Thermopylae –
 Persians are seeking revenge for Battle of Marathon
 Led by Xerxes – brings at least 250,000 men
 This is led by the Spartans – hold them off at the narrow pass – until
a traitor tells them away around the mountains
 Spartans fight to their death
 Persians win and march on to Athens & burn it down
 Greeks are motivated to fight back
Battles of the Persian Wars
 Battle of Salamis –
 Athenians had earlier built up their Navy
 Athenian Themistocles wants to fight in the narrow straights
 Tricks Xerxes into battle
 Xerxes sets up gold throne to watch
 Little Athenian ships destroy the large Persian ships because the large
ships can’t maneuver
 Win for Greece! Xerxes must return to Persia
Battles of the Persian Wars
 Battle of Plataea
 Fought by a united Greek front and left over Persians
 Greece Wins!
 This ends the Persian Wars
 Defeat humiliating for Persians, but not a major loss
 Greeks save their homeland!
Short Answer
He is upset because the mainland Greeks helped out the
revolting Ionian Greeks.
2. Darius and Xerxes were both Persian leaders that fought
against the Greek city-states.
3. Soldiers/fighters
4. Spartan life revolved around the military. Everything that
was done, was done for the good of the “state.” Focus was
on obedience and structure.
1.
Short Answer
He died of malaria – a disease commonly from a mosquito
2. After Alexander died he left his empire to “the strongest”
1.
1.
It was split between 3 top generals
1.
2.
3.
3.
King of Macedonia/Greece
King of Syria
King of Egypt – Ptolemy
So many of Greek achievements are important because
they are so long lasting and influence our art, architecture,
philosophy, and government.