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11 May 2017 ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM 4 weeks Physical World Achievement Objectives: Physical inquiry and physics concepts Identify and describe the patterns associated with physical phenomena found in simple everyday situations involving movement, forces, electricity and magnetism, light, sound, waves, and heat. For example, identify and describe energy changes and conservation of energy, simple electrical circuits, and the effect of contact and non-contact on the motion of objects. Using physics Explore a technological or biological application of physics. Focusing questions? How do we get static electricity shocks? How does a photocopier work? What substances conduct best? How is electricity made? How is magnetism related to electricity? What is a circuit diagram? How do fuses work? Key competencies focus: All key competencies are incorporated into this unit of work, however, in this unit there is particular emphasis on: Using language, symbols, and texts. Participating & contributing. Assessment Focus: Written test Literacy Focus: Key words/Terms Key words/terms: nucleus, proton, neutron, electron, charge, positive, negative, static, conductor, insulator, current, amp, volt, resistance, resistor, circuit, lamp, switch, cell, battery, ammeter, voltmeter, series, parallel, fuse, magnetic field, fuse. Note: NOS = Nature of Science text NMS = New Millennium Science text, KISS = Kiwi Integrated Science text. Learning Experiences 1. Electrostatic charges (Static electricity) Pretest Rub plastic ruler to pick up pieces of paper, bend stream of water Carry out practical involving 2 plastics which charge Resources Pretest NOS 2 p 162-163 WB Ex21.10 p106-107 ‘The principles of electrostatics’ KISS Bk3, p72 Static electricity kit. Nature of science Investigating 11 May 2017 Learning Experiences oppositely. Revise structure of the atom and the discuss fact that only electrons move. Explain concept that electrons get rubbed off one material and end up on another. Van der Graff generator – explain how e’s have been rubbed off & end up on metal top and then jump off as a spark. Practical: Write up in workbook Resources See Practical Guideline sheet in folder. Nature of science Van der Graaff generator. Brainbops animations (Static, Thunderstorms) Static:http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/19740-electricity-andmagnetism-static-electricity-video.htm WB p166-167 2. Uses & dangers of static Technological uses of static. Literacy exercise: How does a photocopier work? Show Howstuffworks clip on how a laser printer works once. Write focusing questions on the board. Show video again. Write answers to Q’s on the board. Students write a paragraph. Help with scaffolding. How lightning occurs. WB Ex21.11 p107-108 ‘Danger! Static electricity’ Hmwk: “Dangers of static” worksheet. Participating and contributing. Investigating Investigating Laser printer: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/sciencechannel/37752-deconstructed-laser-printer-video.htm Electrostatic spray painting: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQWYP9ucyqk What are the odds of being struck by lightning? http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/7389-lightningvideo.htm Lightning strikes uTube videos: http://www.google.co.nz/search?hl=en&q=lightning+strikes+video s&meta=&aq=0&oq=lightning+strikes+video 4. Conductor & Insulators Practical: Finding out what substances conduct.(test plastic, glass rod, wood, pencil lead/graphite, metal item, tap water, salt water) Metals conduct, non-metals don’t except C and salt water. 5. Current KISS Bk 4 p46 “What Conducts” OHT Conductor & Insulator KISS Bk 4, p50 11 May 2017 Learning Experiences Model of copper wire and electron flow. Current = electron flow. Discuss attraction and repulsion between terminals. Discuss Coulomb = 6.25 X 1018 electrons. Practical: Making electricity, using chemicals (Zn/Cu galvanic cell). Measure current with galvanometer, multimeter or use LED. May need to measure voltage as indication of current since current may be too small to measure. Conclusion: Need reactive and non reactive metal plus an electrolyte(acid). 6. Making a battery Organising cells in series and parallel and measure current and voltage. 7. Making a current using a magnet. Practical: Investigating a magnetic force field (magnet & iron pin dust). Draw magnet & field lines. Demonstrate how magnet & coil can be used to generate alternating current. Use hand generator to make bell ring and to give people shocks. Use internet to write a report on how any one of the following methods of electricity generation works. Resources Handout to stick in book of copper wire model. Electrons in wire: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/18191electricity-and-magnetism-atoms-and-electrons-video.htm Circuits: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/19562-electricityand-magnetism-complete-circuit-video.htm Beaker, electrodes, wires, galvanometer/multimeter, LED’s. Set up zinc with zinc (no voltage), copper with copper (no voltage) then copper with zinc (1 volt). WB Ex 22.01 p155 ‘Moving charges” NOS 2 p172-175 NMS 2 p78-79 (Electricity) Nature of science Understanding Participating and contributing AA dry cells Ammeters and voltmeters (or multimeter). Investigating NOS 1 p144-145 NMS 1 p46-47 (Magnetism) WB Ex21.12 p108-109 ‘Magnet basics’ WB p168-170 for magnetism practicals. WB Ex22.03 p116 ‘Electric motors” KISS Bk 3, p66 – 69 Brainiacs: K:\2009 Science\Downloaded Videos\Brainiacs Possible video clip on hydro power (others there too): http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30198-really-bigthings-hydroelectric-power-video.htm Wind turbines: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/sciencechannel/37750-deconstructed-wind-turbines-video.htm Investigating Participating and contributing 8. Making an electromagnet Practical: Make electromagnet (do as practical or demonstrate) – coil & iron rod. Must cover electromagnet so students understand later assessment. Coil & iron rod/nails, paper clips WB Ex 22.02 p115 “Electromagnets” Understanding electromagnetism: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/8162-electricityunderstanding-electromagnetism-video.htm Investigating Investigating 7. Heating with resistance wire. Practical: Nichrome coil & small beaker of water. Graph data for various voltages (water temp vs voltage). The higher the voltage the greater the electrical energy, so higher temp.. Discuss toasters, heaters, jugs etc Nichrome coil & small beaker of water, power pack, thermometer. See student instruction sheet (DON’T do as assessment). 11 May 2017 Learning Experiences Demonstrate: Variable resister. Hmwk: Electrical symbols (needs to be done for next period). 9. Volts & Amps Practical: Observe bulb brightness as voltage increased. Measure current as voltage increased from 2V to 12V. Define 1 amp = 1 coulomb per second Define voltage as energy supplied/used up by bulb (leave voltage = potential difference till Y11) Graph volts vs amps. 10. Series circuits Introduce circuit symbols & diagrams. Practical: Observe brightness of bulbs as additional bulbs are added up to 3. Record current at various places in circuit. Record voltage over each lamp. Discuss increased resistance due to additional light bulbs in circuit causing decrease in current. Discuss sharing of electrical energy resulting V1 + V2 etc= Vtotal v of powerpack 11. Parallel circuits Practical: Observe brightness of bulbs as additional bulbs (loops) added up to 3. Record total current at beginning and end of circuit, and current in each loop. Explain splitting of flow of electrons (like river taking different channels then rejoining). Establish rule I1 + I2 + I 3 = I tot Explain voltage same in each loop so bulbs same brightness. 12. Fuses Practical: Use small piece of iron wool as fuse. Additional bulbs in parallel added and record current. Add bulbs until iron wool melts. Watch ammeter as current max’s out and stops when Resources Nature of science KISS Bk 4, Chapter 8 p45 - 72 Power pack, bulbs, wires, ammeter Investigating NOS 2 164-165 NMS 2 p70-71 (Circuits) WB Ex 22.05 p118 ‘Electrical symbols’ KISS Bk 4, Chapter 8 p45 - 72 Power pack, bulbs, wires, ammeter Investigating Communicating NOS 2 p166-167 NMS 2 p72-73 (Wiring) KISS Bk 4, Chapter 8 p45 - 72 Power pack, bulbs, wires, ammeter Investigating KISS Bk 4, Chapter 8 p45 – 72 WB Ex22.13 and 22.14 p125-126 ‘Heating up’ Investigating Participating and contributing 11 May 2017 Learning Experiences fuse blows. Explain overloading of power points and safety reasons for fuse wire. Using a rheostat (variable resistor) to control current. 13. Three point plugs Wire up a three point plug and describe the role of each wire and relate to previous lesson on fuses. 14. Test revision period.- 15. TEST Resources NOS 2 p176-177 NMS 2 p80-81 (Control) NOS 2 p176-177 Tray of three point plugs. WB Ex22.12 p124 ‘The three pin plug’ NOS 2 p168-171 NMS 2 p74-75 (Current) NMS 2 p76-77 (Voltage) Nature of science Investigating