Download What is a verb?

Subjects
Verbs
Complements
What is a sentence?
• A complete sentence has a subject
and a verb AND expresses a
complete thought.
• Every sentence must have a
subject and a verb
What is a simple
subject?
• The word or group of
words that tells who or
what the sentence is about
• Always a noun or pronoun
• Can be compound (more
than one)
What is a verb?
• Also called the predicate
• Tells what the subject does, what is
done to the subject, or what the
condition of the subject is
• Can be action or linking
• Can be a verb phrase: a helping
verb followed by an action verb
• Can be compound
Complete Subjects and
Complete Predicates
• Complete subject
–The subject and any words
related to it (modifiers)
• Complete predicate
–The verb and any words
related to it (objects,
modifiers, etc.)
The Complement
• A word or group of words that
completes the meaning of a
sentence
• May be a noun, pronoun, or
adjective
• Adverbs are NEVER complements
• Complements are NEVER part of a
prepositional phrase
• Four types: direct object, indirect
object, predicate nominative,
predicate adjective
The Direct Object
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•
•
•
•
A noun or pronoun that follows
an ACTION verb
Receives the action of the verb or
shows the result of the action
Tells what or whom after the
action verb
Can be compound
Never an adverb or in a
prepositional phrase
Steps for Finding a
Direct Object
1.
2.
3.
4.
Find the subject.
Find the verb. Determine if it’s
action or linking.
If it’s an action verb, ask “who”
or “what” after the subject and
verb.
The answer is the direct object.
Example
The dog carried the bone to its owner.
Step 1: What is the subject?
Dog
Step 2: What is the verb?
Carried Is it an action verb?
Yes
Step 3: The dog carried what?
Bone
Answer: Bone is the direct object.
The Indirect Object
• A noun or pronoun that comes
after an action verb and before a
direct object
• Tells to who/what or
for who/what
• There CANNOT be an indirect
object without a direct object
• Can be compound
• Never an adverb or in a
prepositional phrase
Steps for Finding an
Indirect Object
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Find the subject.
Find the verb. Determine if it’s
action or linking.
If it’s an action verb, find the
direct object by asking “who” or
“what” after the subject and verb.
Next ask “to who or what” or “for
who or what”.
The answer is the indirect object.
Example
The student gave her teacher the assignment.
Step 1: What is the subject?
Student
Step 2: What is the verb?
Gave Is it an action verb? Yes
Step 3: The student gave what?
Assignment (So assignment is the direct
object.)
Step 4: The student gave the assignment to
whom?
Teacher
Answer: Teacher is the indirect object.
Subject
Complements
• Subject complements follow
LINKING verbs (remember that
direct and indirect objects followed
ACTION verbs)
• Subject complements are nouns,
pronouns, and adjectives that
follow a linking verb and tell
something about the subject
Predicate Nominatives
• Nouns or pronouns that follow
linking verbs and rename or
identify the subject
• Called predicate nouns and
predicate pronouns in your book
• Linking verb acts as an equal sign
between the subject and predicate
nominative
• Can be compound
• Never in a prepositional phrase
Predicate Adjectives
• Follow linking verbs and
describe/modify the subject of the
sentence
• Considered part of the predicate
but does not describe words in the
predicate
• Can be compound
• Never in a prepositional phrase
Steps for Finding Subject
Complements
1.
2.
3.
4.
Find the subject.
Find the verb. Determine if it’s
action or linking.
If the verb is linking, find the word
that renames or identifies the
subject OR the word that describes
the subject.
If the word is renaming or
identifying the subject and it’s a
noun or pronoun, it is a PN. If the
word is describing the subject and
it’s an adjective, it is a PA.
The baby is cranky.
Step 1: What is the subject?
Baby
Step 2: What is the verb?
Is Is it action or linking? Linking
Step 3: What word is renaming or
describing the subject?
Cranky
Step 4: Is it a noun, pronoun, or adjective?
Adjective
Answer: Cranky is the predicate adjective.
The baby is a boy.
Step 1: What is the subject?
Baby
Step 2: What is the verb?
Is Is it action or linking?
Linking
Step 3: What word is renaming or
describing the subject?
Boy
Step 4: Is it a noun, pronoun, or adj?
Noun
Answer: Boy is the predicate nominative.