Download caliph: leader of the Islamic Empire

TOPIC:
Chapter 2,
Section 2
The Quran and
Islamic Empire
Sub topic #1 (left side of paper)
What is the Quran (Koran)?
Notes (right side of paper)
•The Quran is the holy book of the religion
of Islam
•Muhammad’s followers wrote down the
messages he received from Allah the
Islamic god.
•They believe the Quran is god’s written
word
Sub topic #2 (left side of paper)
What does the Quran say?
Notes (right side of paper)
•Islam has only one god, Allah
•It instructs people how to live
•Muslims should:
-be honest
-treat others fairly
-honor their parents
-give to the poor
-fulfill the Five Pillars of Faith
Sub topic #2 (left side of paper)
What does the Quran say?
Notes (right side of paper)
•1. Belief
•2. Prayer
•3. Charity
•4. Fasting
•5. Pilgrimage
•Muslims cannot: murder, lie, steal, drink
alcohol, eat pork, or gamble
Sub topic #3 (left side of paper)
Who were the main caliphs and
ruling groups?
Notes (right side of paper)
•When Muhammad died a new leader was
chosen. This person is called a caliph:
leader of the Islamic Empire
•The first 4 caliphs after Muhammad were
related to him
•The Umayyad caliphs came after the first
four.
Sub topic #3 (left side of paper)
Who were the main caliphs and
ruling groups?
Notes (right side of paper)
•The Umayyad caliphs helped to make the
empire larger
•Their capital city was Damascus, Syria
•The Islamic state became a great empire
Sub topic #3 (left side of paper)
Who were the main caliphs and ruling
groups?
Notes (right side of paper)
• The Abbasids came after the Umayyads
•They built a new capital in Baghdad
•They were focused on the arts, trade and
education
Sub topic #3 (left side of paper)
Who were the main caliphs and ruling
groups?
Notes (right side of paper)
•Muslims argued about who should be a
caliph
•Two groups emerged
-Shiites: believe caliphs should be
related to Muhammad
-Sunnis: believe anyone could be
caliph
Sub topic #3 (left side of paper)
Who were the main caliphs and ruling
groups?
Notes (right side of paper)
• The Seljuk Turks-(warriors and nomads)
took over the empire
•They called their leader a sultan
•When Mongols (attackers from the East)
burned the city down, the Islamic Empire
ended.
Sub topic #4 (left side of paper)
How did the Islamic Empire Expand
over time?
Notes (right side of paper)
•Muslims thought that fighting in the name
of Islam would send them to paradise
•The language of Arabic spread all over the
empire
•Sufis spent their time teaching others about
Islam
Sub topic #4 (left side of paper)
How did Islamic Empire expand over
time?
Notes (right side of paper)
•Merchants spread Islam to the places they
traveled, such as Indonesia.
•The African city of Timbuktu had many
Muslims after merchants came there.
•Muslims also spread to Spain. Islam’s
great philosophers came from there