Download Greek Philosophy and History

Rome’s Beginnings
Main Idea: Geography played an important role in the rise
of Roman civilization.
A. The Origins of Rome
1. Italy is an important location in the middle of the
Mediterranean region.
a. It is shaped like a high-heeled boot. The heel points
towards Greece and the toe toward the island of Sicily.
b. Across the top of the boot are the Alps, high mountains
that separate Italy from other European lands.
c. Another mountain range is the Apennines that runs all
the way down the boot from the north to the south.
2. Italy had better farmland than Greece and it’s
mountains were easier to cross.
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The Origins of Rome
3. People from the north were attracted to the mild
climate and rich soil.
a. One group of Latin-speaking people built the city of
Rome on the plain of Latium in central Italy.
b. They became known as the Romans.
B. Where Was Rome Located?
1. The site for Rome was choose about 15 miles up the
Tiber River from the Mediterranean Sea.
a. This gave the Romans a source of water and way to
get to the rest of the Mediterranean world but they
were far enough away from the sea to escape raids by
pirates.
2. Rome was built on a series of seven hills making it
easy to defend against enemy attack.
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The Origins of Rome
C. How Did Rome Begin?
1. There are 2 legends that explain how Rome began.
a. The traditional story is that twin brothers Romulus and
Remus founded the city.
1) As babies they were abandoned near the Tiber
River and rescued by a wolf.
2) They built a city in 753 B.C. but they fought.
3) Remus made fun of the wall Romulus built and
Romulus killed him.
4) Romulus became the first king of Rome and named
the city after himself.
b. The second story is told in the Aeneid, a famous epic
poem by the Roman poet Virgil.
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She-Wolf Feeding the Twins
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The Origins of Rome
1) The Aeneid is the story of the Trojan hero Aeneas.
2) After the Greeks captured Troy he and a band of
followers sailed the Mediterranean Sea.
3) They had many adventures and eventually landed
at the mouth of the Tiber.
4) Through warfare and marriage Aeneas united the
Trojans and some of the Latins, the local people.
5) He became known as the “father” of the Romans.
2. Historians think that Latins lived in the area of Rome
as early as 1000 B.C.
a. They built huts on hills, tended herds and grew crops.
b. Around 700 B.C. they banded together for protection
and this community became known as Rome.
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The Origins of Rome
D. Early Influences
1. After 800 B.C. two other groups came to Italy the
Greeks and the Etruscans.
2. The Greeks taught the Romans how to grow olives
and grapes.
a. The Romans adopted the Greek alphabet and
eventually modeled their architecture, sculpture and
literature after the Greeks.
3. Rome’s early growth was influenced most by the
Etruscans who lived north of Rome in Etruria.
a. After 650 B.C. they moved south and took control of
Rome and most of Latium.
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The
Land
of the
Etruscans
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Etruscans
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Etruscan Military
Bronze Warrior
6c BCE Chariot
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The Origins of Rome
4. The Etruscans were skilled metalworkers who
became rich from mining and trade.
a. They forced enslaved people to do the heaviest work.
b. Their tomb paintings show men and women feasting,
dancing, and playing music and sports.
5. The Etruscans changed Rome from a village of
straw-roofed huts into a city of wood and brick
buildings.
a. They laid out streets, temples and public buildings
around a central square.
b. They exposed the Romans to new styles of dress, with
short cloaks and togas.
c. The Etruscan army served as a model for the mighty
Roman army.
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Dance, Dance, Spin !
Double Flutist
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Etruscan Tomb
Wall &
Tomb Fresco
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Interior of an Etruscan Tomb
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Sarcophagus of an
Etruscan Couple
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The Birth of a Republic
Main Idea: The Romans created a republic and conquered
Italy. By treating people fairly, they built Rome from a
small city into a great power.
A. The Birth of a Republic
1. The Etruscans ruled Rome for more than 100 years.
a. Rome became wealthy and powerful but the ruling
family called the Tarquins grew more and more cruel.
2. Finally, in 509 B.C. the Romans rebelled.
a. They overthrew the Tarquins and set up a republic.
b. The republic is a form of government where the leader
is put in power by the citizens with the right to vote.
c. In a republic the citizens have the power.
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Etruscan Gold Jewelry
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Etruscan Jars & Vases
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The Birth of a Republic
3. When Rome became a republic it was still a small
city, surrounded by enemies.
a. Over the next 200 years, the Romans fought war after
war against their neighbors the Greeks, the Etruscans
and other Latins living nearby.
b. By 267 B.C. the Romans became masters of almost all
of Italy.
B. Why Was Rome So Strong?
1. The Romans were excellent soldiers.
a. In the early days of the republic every male citizen
who owned land had to serve in the army.
b. The harsh discipline molded them into soldiers who did
not give up easily.
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The Birth of a Republic
2. The Romans were practical problem solvers too.
a. At first they fought like the Greek phalanxes – shoulder
to shoulder in rows with their shields together and
holding long spears.
b. The Roman generals saw this method as slow and
hard to control so they reorganized their soldiers into
smaller groups called legions.
c. Each legion had about 6,000 men and was further
divided into groups of 60 to 120 soldiers making it
easy to cut through enemy lines.
3. Roman soldiers, or legionaries, were armed with a
short sword called a gladius and a spear called a
pilum.
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The Birth of a Republic
a. Each unit also carried its own standard – a tall pole
topped with a symbol to help keep the units together
during battle.
C. Shrewd Rulers
1. The Romans were smart planners.
a. As they moved throughout Italy they built permanent
military settlements in the areas they conquered.
b. Then they built roads between the towns which
allowed the troops to travel quickly to any place in
their territory.
2. To rule they set up the Roman Confederation.
a. Under this system, Romans granted full citizenship to
some people.
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Rome’s Early Road System
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The Apian Way
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The Birth of a Republic
b. Each citizen could vote and participate in government.
c. They were treated the same as other citizens under
the law.
d. To other people the Romans granted them the status
of allies.
3. Allies were free to run their own local affairs, but
they had to pay taxes to the republic and provide
soldiers for the army.
4. The Romans were clever rulers who knew that
conquered peoples were more loyal to the
government if they were treated well.
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Activity: Show these similarities and differences between Greece and Rome in a Venn
Social
Studies SOL 3.1 The student will explain how the contributions of ancient Greece and Rome have
Diagram
influenced
the present world in terms of architecture, government (direct and representative democracy), and sports.
.
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