Download Give 2 examples of plant, and HOW each of those plants i

Plants for Food & Fiber Study Guide “Science Focus 7” page 92 – 162 https://sites.google.com/a/share.epsb.ca/mysteryman-­‐science/science-­‐7/sciencefocus-­‐7-­‐textbook Part 1: Uses of Plants Plants for… •
Food •
Fiber •
Medicine •
Transportation/Construction •
Fuel For each use: Give 2 examples of plant, and HOW each of those plants is used. Part 2: Parts & Functions •
Roots – absorbs water and minerals, supports and anchors the plant (doesn’t get blown or washed away), store food o Tap Root – one large, main root; has little root hairs coming off of it; grows in dryer climates where water is hard to get o Fibrous Roots – many of them; all the same size; shallow/close to the surface; grow where there is a lot of water o Root Hairs – tiny roots coming off of a main taproot o Examples – root crops such as carrots, turnips, parsnips, beets, and radishes •
Stem – support the leaves to get sunlight, transport and store food o Xylem – transports water and nutrients up to the leaves o Cambium – creates new xylem and phloem each year o Phloem – transports food from the leaves to the rest of the plant o Examples – strawberry stems (horizontal), prickly pear cacti (flat stems), potatoes (tuber) •
Leaves – use the process of photosynthesis to create sugar (food/energy-­‐storing chemical) o Chlorophyll – a pigment that makes leaves green; used in the process of photosynthesis o Stoma – tiny holes in the bottom of the leave; during the day they let in CO2 and let out water vapor and oxygen; during the night they let in oxygen and let out CO2 o Guard cells – surround each stoma; absorb water, swell up, open the stoma; release water vapor, shrink down, close stoma •
Water movement in plants •
Stamen – male reproductive organ You are responsible for describing this process and studying it o Filament – supports the anther o Pollen grains – contain male reproductive cells o Anther – pollen is produced and stored here •
Pistil – female reproductive organ o Stigma – sticky tip that captures pollen o Style – supports the stigma o Ovary – swollen base of the pistil that houses the ovules o Ovules – contain the female reproductive cells Part 3: Plant Reproduction & Breeding •
Types of plant reproduction/breeding: o Sexual reproduction – when seeds and fruits are created from male and female cells combining §
Happens through animals, wind, water, humans, etc. o Asexual reproduction or vegetative reproduction – identical characteristics to the parent plant §
Layering §
Grafting §
Cutting You need to fill in the details regarding layer, grafting, and cutting •
Pollination – from seed to fruit o Pollen sticks to the stigma, travels down the style tube into the ovary, combines with an ovule, the male reproductive cells and female reproductive cells make a see, and in some cases the ovary turns into a fruit Part 4: Soil o The functions of soil 1. Gives plants a place to anchor from wind or rain; 2. Home for billions of residents like bugs and animals; 3. Buffet table of nutrients, air, and water, for plants. o How soil is formed 1. Parent material 2. Climate 3. Vegetation You need to fill in how these 5 items help create new soil 4. Water 5. Time o The content of soil 1. Decomposers 2. Bacteria 3. Fungi You need to fill in what these 5 things do in soil 4. Microscopic actinomycetes 5. Earthworms 6. Nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulphur, calcium, magnesium o Current problems we’re encountering with soil 1. Salty Soil – makes extremely dry soil, plants will not grow in such dry, salty soil; caused by too little vegetation and too much water (farmers irrigating) 2. Losing organic matter – causes erosion; soil does not hold nutrients, water, and air as well without any plants growing in it, so in return new plants won’t grow very well in it, and there are fewer organisms in the soil to create better soil o The solutions to the problems 1. Agricultural Soil 2. Forest soil You need to describe what people can do to fix salinization and erosion of agricultural soil, and what people can do to fix the erosion of forest soil o Growing plants without soil o Growing plants in water, sometimes with rocks or rock wool; nutrients need to be added and it is expensive to do because it requires very close monitoring of the nutrients and growing conditions Vocabulary fiber taproot root hairs fibrous roots diffusion differentially permeable osmosis chlorophyll photosynthesis transpiration respiration selective breeding genes sexual reproduction asexual reproduction vegetative reproduction ovules pollination stamen pistil petals sepals stigma style ovary filament anther fruit erosion parent material humus topsoil salinization shelterbelt organic