Download Reconstruction PPT

Essential Questions
3. How do we
integrate and
protect newlyemancipated
black freedmen?
1. How to
bring the South
back into the
Union?
2. What branch
of government
should control
the process of
Reconstruction?
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
• Proclamation of Amnesty and
Reconstruction (1863)
– Pardon those who took an oath of
allegiance to the Union and
Constitution, and accepted 13th
Amendment
– State gov’t could be established once
10% took the loyalty oath
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
• Disapproved of Lincoln’s
lenient plan
• Made requirement over
50% take loyalty oath
• Only non-Confederates can
vote for a state
constitution
• Lincoln refused to sign the
bill
Creation of Freedmen’s Bureau
• March 1865
• To provide
food, shelter,
clothing,
medical care,
education and
legal assistance
Lincoln is Assassinated
President Johnson’s Plan
• Senator from Tennessee
• Lincoln’s V.P.
• Similar to Lincoln’s Plan
• Disenfranchisement of former
leaders of Confederacy
• Exclusive right to grant pardons
• Former Confederates voted into
Congress!
Black Codes
•
Restored pre-emancipation
system of race relations
•
Prohibited blacks from
renting land or borrowing $
to buy land
•
Guaranteed stable labor
supply with yearly
contracts
•
Prevented from testifying
against whites in court
Congress Breaks with the
President
• Johnson felt Reconstruction
should be over
• February, 1866  President
vetoed the Freedmen’s
Bureau bill
• March, 1866  Johnson
vetoed the 1866 Civil Rights Act
• Congress passed both bills over
Johnson’s vetoes  1st in
U. S. history!!
Talk to your neighbor:
What did Presidential
Reconstruction look like?
Radical Republicans
• Division between champions
of white middle class and
civil rights for blacks
• Fear of growing Democratic
Party and Southern political
power
• Leaders included Charles
Sumner and Thaddeus
Stevens
14th Amendment 1866
• All persons born or
naturalized in U.S. are
citizens
• Equal protection of the
laws and “due process of
law”
• Disqualified former
Confederate leaders from
holding state or federal
office
Radical Republicans’ Plan
• Broke South into 5 districts
and placed them under
military control
• Rewrite state constitution
which would allow all men to
vote
• Ratify the 14th Amendment
President Johnson Faces Impeachment
•
Congress limited
Johnson’s powers
•
Johnson tested the new
laws by firing his
Secretary of War w/o
approval of Senate
•
House of reps voted to
impeach
•
Went to trial in Senate
•
Congress lost by one
vote
15th Amendment (1870)
•
Election of 1868 Republican candidate
Grant wins with a slim majority
•
Republicans realized the importance of
the African-American vote
•
The right of citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by
any state on account of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude.
•
The Congress shall have power to
enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
The Reconstruction Governments
• Scalawags: supporters of
Reconstruction
• Carpetbaggers: Northerners
that came to take part in the
region’s political and economic
growth
• Freedmen
Talk to your neighbor:
What did Congressional
Reconstruction look like?
African-American Adjustment
• Traveled
• Got married
• Pursued an education
• Established separate
black churches
Sharecropping
• Once wealthy whites had
land but no $ to hire
laborers
• Rented out plots of land
• The employer provided
the land, seed, tools, a
mule, and a cabin
• Sharecropper would
provide labor and share
the harvest
White Resistance to Reconstruction
• Founded by Nathaniel
Bedford Forrest (former
Confederate general)
• Secret society to intimidate
blacks and white reforms
• Angry at use of tax $
• Force Acts of 1870 + 1871
Reconstruction Ends
• Discontent with Reconstruction
• Northerners grow weary and become
lenient
• Federal Troops are removed and
reconstruction gov’ts crumble
• Redeemer Gov’ts reverse gains made by
Reconstruction
• Poll tax, literacy test, Grandfather
clause, Jim Crow Laws