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Day 17: Equipotential Surfaces • Lines of equal potential • Equipotential Surfaces • Justification for Perpendicularity to the Electric Field • Mapping of Equipotential Surfaces Equipotential Lines • A line in which all points are at the same voltage, is called an equipotential line. • Equipotential Lines are perpendicular to the electric field Equipotential Surfaces • A surface in which all points are at the same voltage is called an equipotential surface • An equipotential surface must be perpendicular to the electric field Justification of Perpendicularity to the Electric Field • V E dl E dl cos by def : A B A B cos • On a surface where V is constant, ΔV = 0, so either E = 0, or dl = 0, or cosθ = 0 (where cosθ is the angle between E & dl). For cosθ = 0, θ = 90°, E is d l • On a surface of a conductor of uniform charge, the entire surface is an equipotential surface, otherwise free electrons on the surface would move through the potential difference