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Melanoma Tumor Specimens with BRAF mutation data The BRAF gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase which is involved in regulation of the MAP Kinase/ERK signaling pathways. These pathways play a key role in cell growth and proliferation. Somatic mutations of BRAF occur in high frequency in melanoma cancers and are currently the focus of oncogene targeted therapies. The most common mutations occur on codon 600, with an amino acid substitution of valine. These mutations result in enhance BRAF kinase activity and an increased phosphorylation of downstream targets. BRAF mutations are present in more than 60% of melanomas. Asterand routinely screens it melanoma specimens for BRAF mutations using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay that uses allele-specific probes to identify the presence of BRAF V600E, V600K, V600D, V600R and V600M. Are you interested in other specimens with mutation analysis? Asterand routinely screens colorectal cancer (KRAS) and lung cancer (KRAS/EGFR) tumors. We also offer custom screening projects to fit your specific needs. B-RAF MUTATIONS SCREENED Mutation Name Nucleotide Change Amino Acid Change V600E c. 1799T>A Valine (V) to glutamic acid (E) V600K c. 1798_1799GT>AA Valine (V) to lysine acid (K) V600D c. 1799_1800TG>AT Valine (V) to aspartic acid (D) V600R c. 1798_1799GT>AG Valine (V) to arginine (R) V600M c. 1798G>A Valine (V) to methionine (M) INQUIRES can be made through www.asterand.com and advantage @asterand.com, or by calling 1.866.384.7783. Unless otherwise noted, all trademarks are the property of Stemgent Inc. 2013 Stemgent, Inc. All rights reserved. www.asterand.com Colorectal Tumor Specimens with KRAS mutation data The KRAS gene encodes a small GTPase that plays a key role in signal transduction from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to downstream effectors. EGFR is a membrane protein that plays a central role in transmitting signals that promote cell growth and proliferation. KRAS mutations have been found to occur most commonly in several types of cancers, most notably, metastatic colon cancer and lung adenocarcinomas. Tumors with mutant forms of the KRAS gene are less likely to respond to anti-EGFR antibody therapies. The most common KRAS mutations are found on codons 12, 13 and 61. Asterand routinely screens it colorectal cancer specimens for KRAS mutations using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay that uses allele-specific probes to identify the presence of mutations in KRAS codons 12, 13 and 61. Are you interested in other specimens with mutation analysis? Asterand routinely screens colorectal cancer (KRAS) and melanoma (BRAF) tumors. We also offer custom screening projects to fit your specific needs. KRAS MUTATIONS SCREENED Nucleotide Change Amino Acid Change Amino Acid Change (GGT>GCT) G12A Gly12Ala (GGT>GAT) G12D Gly12Asp (GGT>CGT) G12R Gly12Arg (GGT>TGT) G12C Gly12Cys (GGT>AGT) G12S Gly12Ser (GGT>GTT) G12V Gly12Val (GGC>GAC) G13D Gly13Asp (CAA>CAC) Q61H Gln61His (CAA>CAT) Q61H Gln61His (CAA>CTA) Q61L Gln61Leu (CAA>CGA) Q61R Gln61Arg INQUIRES can be made through www.asterand.com and advantage @asterand.com, or by calling 1.866.384.7783. Unless otherwise noted, all trademarks are the property of Stemgent Inc. 2013 Stemgent, Inc. All rights reserved. www.asterand.com Lung Tumor Specimens with KRAS and EGFR mutation data The most common oncogene mutations in lung cancer occur within KRAS and EGFR. The KRAS gene encodes a small GTPase that plays a key role in signal transduction from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to downstream effectors. EGFR is a membrane protein that plays a central role in transmitting signals that promote cell growth and proliferation. Mutations in the EGFR, KRAS and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) are mutually exclusive in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and the presence of any one of these mutations can influence response to targeted therapies. The most common KRAS mutations are found on codons 12, 13 and 61. EGFR mutations are most commonly located on Exons 18, 19, 20 and 21. Asterand routinely screens it lung cancer specimens for KRAS and EGFR mutations using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay that uses allele-specific probes to identify the presence of these mutations (see listing below). Are you interested in other specimens with mutation analysis? Asterand routinely screens colorectal cancer (KRAS) and melanoma (BRAF) tumors. We also offer custom screening projects to fit your specific needs. EGFR MUTATIONS SCREENED Exon 18 Exon 19 G719A - 2156G>C 2235 - 2249 del 15 G719S - 2155G>A 2235 - 2252>AAT del 18 G719C - 2155G>T Exon 20 Exon 21 2238 - 2248>GC del 11 T790M-2369C>T L858R - 2573T>G 2238 - 2252>GCA del 15 S768I - 2303G>T L861Q - 2582T>A 2236 - 2253 del 18 2239 - 2247 del 9 2307 - 2308 ins GCCAGCGTG 2237 - 2251 del 15 2239 - 2253 del 15 319 - 2320 ins CAC 2237 - 2254 del 18 2239 - 2256 del 18 2310 - 2311 ins GGT 2237 - 2255>T del 19 2239 - 2248>C del 10 2236 - 2250 del 15 2239 - 2258>CA del 20 2238 - 2255 del 18 2240 - 2251 del 12 KRAS MUTATIONS SCREENED Nucleotide Change Amino Acid Change Amino Acid Change - Expanded (GGT>GCT) G12A Gly12Ala (GGT>GAT) G12D Gly12Asp (GGT>CGT) G12R Gly12Arg (GGT>TGT) G12C Gly12Cys (GGT>AGT) G12S Gly12Ser (GGT>GTT) G12V Gly12Val (GGC>GAC) G13D Gly13Asp (CAA>CAC) Q61H Gln61His (CAA>CAT) Q61H Gln61His (CAA>CTA) Q61L Gln61Leu (CAA>CGA) Q61R Gln61Arg Unless otherwise noted, all trademarks are the property of Stemgent Inc. 2013 Stemgent, Inc. All rights reserved. www.asterand.com INQUIRES can be made through www.asterand.com and advantage @asterand.com, or by calling 1.866.384.7783.