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Ecology
Chapter 2
Section 2
Early Work
Then God said, “Let us make man[a] in our
image, after our likeness. And let them have
dominion over the fish of the sea and over the
birds of the heavens and over the livestock and
over all the earth and over every creeping thing
that creeps on the earth.” Genesis 1:26-28
Reflect: What does it mean to have dominion
over the animals of the earth?
Orca Population

http://www.seattletimes.com/seattlenews/environment/baby-boom-continues-forpuget-sound-orcas/

Data suggests that in 1800’s the population
may have numbered as many as 200
individuals
In November 2005 this resident group was
classified as endangered

What is causing the decline?
3-2 Energy Flow
I. Producers
A. Use energy from sun
or chemicals to make
own food
1. photosynthesis
2. chemosynthesis
B. Start of food chain
(initial start of energy)
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
CFU
 In
your notebook, write a sentence
describing the difference between
photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.
 What
is being synthesized in both of the
above processes? – tell your neighbor
II. Consumers (heterotrophs)
A. There are many different types
1.Herbivores eat plants.
2. Carnivores eat animals.
3. Omnivores eat both plants and animals.
4. Detritivores feed on plant and animal
remains and other dead matter.
5. Decomposers, like bacteria and fungi,
break down organic matter.
Handout…food chain
Food Chain
A series of steps in which organisms
transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Identify the producer(s) and consumer(s)
Food
Web
 Network
of
complex
feeding
interactions in
an ecosystem
 How different
from a food
chain?
CFU – identify a food chain
that includes: producer, herbivore, 1st
level carnivore and 2nd level carnivore
Construct a Food Web
 Mini-Lab
2.1 p. 42
 Construct a food web on your paper with
arrows illustrating the flow of energy
 Label
the organisms as:
producers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
and detritivores
Review
Which of the following lists identifies organisms
that are producers in food webs?
A.
algae, ferns, sunflowers
B.
mushrooms, bacteria,
earthworms
C.
termites, red foxes, shrews
D.
woodpeckers, cardinals,
grasshoppers
Trophic Levels
 Each
link in a food chain is known as a
trophic level
 Trophic
levels represent a feeding step in
the transfer of energy and matter in an
ecosystem
E
N
E
R
G
Y
Tertiary
consumers- top
carnivores
Secondary consumerssmall carnivores
Primary consumers- Herbivores
Producers- Autotrophs
Energy Pyramids
Relative
amount of
energy
available at
each trophic
level.
Amount of
energy passed
on decreases
from one
trophic level to
the next
0.1% Third-level
consumers
1% Second-level
consumers
10% First-level
consumers
100% Producers
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Ecological Pyramids
A
model to show how energy flows
through ecosystems
3 types:
1. Energy: only 10% of energy is transferred to
next level
2. Biomass: total mass of living matter at
each level decreases
3. Numbers: relative number of organisms
decrease at each level due to less
available energy
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Orca Population
 Reflection:
write on a paper to turn in at
end of class (exit ticket)
Explain a possible explanation for the
decline in the Puget Sound Orca
population based on what you learned in
class today and your prior knowledge.
Bill Nye Review Video