Download Endocrine System

Endocrine System
The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to regulate and
coordinate body activities. There are some differences.
characteristics
Nervous System
Endocrine System
method of control
chemical messenger
tissues controlled
speed of control
(move arm, digest lunch)
(years, lifetime, puberty)
lasting results
organs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Glands are small organs. There are two types of glands.
1. Exocrine glands –
examples: sweat, mammary, sebaceous
2. Endocrine glands –
examples: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, etc
Hormones are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system.
Hormones are classified chemically into 2 groups.
1. Amino acid based hormones
a. quantity –
b. organic molecule c. example –
d. picture
e. how it works –
2. Steroids
a. quantity b. organic molecule –
c. example - t
d. picture
e. how it works –
Glands secrete hormones into the _________________________ fluid.
They are then diffused into the ________________ and transported throughout
the body.
The hormones seek and find their __________________________
example – radio station and stereo tuner
(target organ)
(hormone)
Sometimes their target organs are other ________________________
Hormones affect organs by altering the ____________________________
Hormones increase or decrease the rates of normal cellular processes.
The following may happen:
1. Hormones alter the cell membrane.
2. Stimulate protein synthesis (DNA, RNA)
a. Structural b. Functional 3. Activate or deactivate enzyme activity (
)
4. Stimulate mitosis (
)
5. Induces secretory activity
example –
Why and when do glands secrete hormones into the into the bloodstream?
The making and releasing of hormones into the bloodstream is regulated by a
negative feedback system.
Homeostasis Hormones respond to 3 types of stimuli to help maintain homeostasis.
1. Humoral stimuli –
2. Neural stimuli 3. Hormonal stimuli*These may be modified by the nervous system.*
example a.
-regulates house temperature, but you can adjust the settings
example b.
-hormones regulate your blood sugar levels, but the
sympathetics trigger more glucose to be released from the
liver.
Your summary
Put the following in your own words. Do not copy the book. Do not copy the
notes.
1.Compare the nervous system to the endocrine system.
2. Describe the 2 types of hormones based on their chemical makeup.
3. Explain how a hormone gets to the target cell.
4. Explain 2 ways a hormone can affect the target cells activities.
5. Give 3 examples of a cells activity that might be altered by a hormone.
6. What causes hormones to be released from glands? (3 ways)
Major Endocrine Glands
I. Pituitary Gland
-located in
-size of pea
-connected to
-stalk called the
-2 parts
a. posterior lobe –
b. anterior lobe –
In detail
Anterior Lobe – Glandular Tissues
1.Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works –
Regulation –
Other –
2.Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works –
Regulation –
Other –
3.Hormone name/type
- a tropic hormone = regulates secretory action of
another endocrine gland
Function –
Target organ(s) How it works –
Regulation –
4.Hormone name/type
- a tropic hormone = regulates secretory action of
another endocrine gland
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works –
Regulation –
5.Hormone name/type
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works –)
Regulation –
Other –
- a tropic hormone = regulates secretory action of
another endocrine gland
-
6. Hormone name/type
- a tropic hormone = regulates secretory action of
another endocrine gland
-
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works –
Regulation –
Other –
Summary of Anterior Pituitary gland
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Posterior Lobe – Neural Tissues
1. Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works
-
Regulation Other –
2. Hormone name/type –
Function – diuresis =
antidiuretic =
Target organ(s) How it works
- sweating/dehydrated –
- lots of liquids –
Regulation –
Other
- ADH stimulated by
- ADH inhibited by__________________ so you urinate frequently
(dehydrated the morning after headache, dry mouth)
II. Thyroid
1.Hormone name/type –
- 2 types
a.
b.
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works –
Regulation – T
III. Parathyroid
1.Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works
skeleton (
kidney (
intestine (
- not enough calcium in blood,
- too much calcium in blood,
- calcium important for
-
Regulation –
)
)
)
IV. Adrenal Gland
-located on top of
-it is 2 glands in one: adrenal medulla –
adrenal cortex –
In detail
Adrenal cortex
1. Hormone name/type –
Function – regulates electrolytes (
)
Target organ(s) –
How it works – WATER GOES WHERE THE STUFF IS!
- if low sodium levels
- then aldosterone is released to increase amount of sodium in the
body,
OR
- if high sodium levels
- then aldosterone is inhibited to decrease amount of sodium in the
body,
1. ACTH (
2. renin – angiotensin mechanism
(
3. atrial natruetic peptide (ANP) –
Regulation
) in pituitary gland
)
2. Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works –
Regulation – ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
- sympathetic – higher blood sugar levels because
- parasympathetic– lower blood sugar levels because
3. Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works - androgen levels rise between the ages of 7 –13 in boys and girls
and are thought to contribute to
Regulation –
Adrenal Medulla
1. Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) – same as sympathetic nervous system
(
How it works – adrenal medulla is triggered by the
Regulation Other – epinephrine is used to clinical situations to
)
V. Pancreas
-
1.Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) How it works –
- called a hyperglycemic hormone (
)
Regulation –
2.Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) How it works –
- called a hypoglycemic hormone (
Regulation –
)
VI. Gonads
1.Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) How it works – all functions listed above will be discussed in detail in the
reproductive chapter
Regulation –
2.Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) How it works - all functions listed above will be discussed in detail in the
reproductive chapter
Regulation –
VII. Pineal Gland
1.Hormone name/type –
Function Target organ(s) How it works –
Regulation -
VIII. Thymus
1.Hormone name/type –
Function –
Target organ(s) –
How it works –
Regulation –
IX. Other hormone Producing Structures
1. Heart – atrial natriuretic peptide2. Gastrointestinal tract 3. Placenta-