Download Islam

Islam
“
February 7, 2014
• Objectives: Students will be able to explain
the main beliefs of Islam and Christianity.
• Question: What is the significance of the yin
and yang in Taoism?
• Agenda: Notes on Islam and Christianityworksheets
Basics
There are 529,109,000 Muslims from areas
around the Middle East and Arabia. The
largest location of Muslims is in Indonesia.
The religion was founded in 610 AD.
Founder
The Islamic religion was founded by Mohammed
The Angel Gabriel appeared to him on Mt. Hira and
asked him to be Prophet of God.
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion
 Muslims are strict monotheists.

They believe in the JudeoChristian God, which they call
Allah.

Muslims believe that the Torah
and the Bible, like the Qur’an,
is the word of God.
The Origins of the Qur’an
 Muhammad received his first
revelation from the angel
Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.

622  Muhammed
flees Mecca for Medina.
* The beginning of the
Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)

Muhammad’s revelations were
compiled into the Qur’an after
his death.
The Qur’an
 Muslims believe it contains the
word of God.

114 suras ( 29 chapters).
In the name of Allah,
the compassionate,
the merciful.


Written
in Arabic.
1. The Shahada
 The testimony.

The declaration of faith:
There is no god worthy of
worship except God, and
Muhammad is His
Messenger [or Prophet].
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2. The Salat
 The mandatory prayers
performed 5 times a day:
* dawn
* noon
* late afternoon
* sunset
* before going to bed

Wash before praying.

Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.
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2. The Salat
 The mandatory prayers
performed 5 times a day:
* dawn
* noon
* late afternoon
* sunset
* before going to bed

Wash before praying.

Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.
2
2. The Salat
 The call to prayer by the
muezzin in the minaret.

Pray in the mosque on Friday.
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3. The Zakat
 Almsgiving (charitable
donations).

Muslims believe that all things
belong to God.

Zakat means both “purification”
and “growth.”

About 2.5% of your income.
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4. The Sawm
 Fasting during the holy month
of Ramadan.


Considered a method of selfpurification.
No eating or drinking from
sunrise to sunset during
Ramadan.
4
Eid Mubarak
End of the Ramadan holiday.
5. The Hajj
 The pilgrimage to Mecca.

Must be done at least once in a
Muslim’s lifetime.

2-3 million Muslims make the
pilgrimage
every
year.
5
5. The Hajj
 Those who complete the
pilgrimage can add the title
hajji to their name.
5
The Mosque
 The Muslim place of worship.
The Dome of the Rock Mosque in
Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock
where Muhammad ascended into heaven.
Other Islamic Religious Practices
 Up to four wives allowed at once.

No alcohol or pork.

No gambling.

Sharia  body of Islamic law to
regulate daily living.

Three holiest cities in Islam:
* Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.
Denominations
-Sunni
-Shi’a
-Sufism
Sunni
• Largest Group in Islam
• Believe that the successor
of the Caliph (leader of
Islamic nation) should be
elected by the people
• Abu Bakr succeeded
Muhammad by an
election, Sunnis were
happy
Shi’a
• Shiites believe that
Muhammad should
have been succeeded
by his cousin, Ali ibn
Abu Talib
• They think that the
Caliph should only be
a descendant of
Muhammad
Sufism
• Mystical form of Islam
• Focus on the internal
more spiritual aspects
of Islam
• Perfecting one’s faith,
and subduing ego
Supreme Being
Members of the Islamic religion pray to Allah.
Various Branches:
Sufi: mystical branch; emphasized immediate sense
experience with Allah, somewhat pantheistic.
Shiites: 1/5 of Islams belong to this group who
believe that Husein, Mohammed’s grandson, is a
savior who died for mans sins.
Sunnites: very orthodox, at first translated literally,
later reason interceded.
Final 3
• What is Sawm?
Historical Leaders
Mohammed Husein
Abu Bakr
Omar
Othman
Ali
Sacred Writings
The Qur’an “the recitation” is the
sacred text of Islam and the highest
authority in both religious and legal
matters.
Muslims believe the Qur'an to be a
flawless record of the Angel
Gabriel's revelations to Muhammad
from 610 until his death in 632 AD.
It is also believed to be a perfect
copy of a heavenly Qur'an that has
existed eternally.
Holy Places
Mecca is the center of
the Islamic world and
the birthplace of
both the Prophet
Muhammad and the
religion he founded.
Jerusalem is the capitol
of Israel, “Adobe of
Peace”
Essential Beliefs/Key Ideas
A single, indivisible God. (God, the Creator, is just, omnipotent and
merciful)
The Angels
The divine scriptures, which include the Torah, the Psalms, the rest of
the bible, and the Qur’an.
The messengers of God, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David,
Jesus and Muhammad.
The Day of Judgment, when people will be judged upon the basis of
their deeds while on Earth and will either obtain reward of Heaven or
punishment in Hell.
The supremacy of God’s will.
Key Leaders
Cliph
Ayatollah (Grand)
Grand Mufti
Imam
Mawlana
Muezzin
Mujtahid
Sahib
5 Pillars of Islam
Shahadah- There is no god but Allah and
Mohammed is his prophet.
Salat- Prayer 5 times each day facing Mecca.
Zakat- charity, generosity in almsgiving for poor
and unfortunate.
Hajj- Pilgrimage, at least one to Mecca in a
lifetime.
Sawm- particularly during the holy month of
Ramadan