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World Civilizations First Quarter Reading and Assignments Chapter 1: Pages 6-15 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Hominids culture Lucy Homo sapiens Neanderthals Cro-Magnons Mesolithic Age Neolithic Age Neolithic Agricultural Revolution civilization Questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What were the achievements of Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon peoples? What important advances did Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon peoples make? What important changes did the Neolithic agricultural revolution cause? What five characteristics are shared by civilizations? How did the needs of early civilizations lead to the development of calendars and systems of writing? Chapter 2: Egypt and other Early Civilizations Pages 20-29 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Nile River hieroglyphics Rosetta Stone Menes pharaoh Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom Hyksos New Kingdom empire Hatshepsut Amenhotep IV polytheism 1 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. monotheism Rameses II pyramids scribes Egypt view of the Afterlife Questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How did geography affect the development of ancient Egypt? What events and disclosures marked the development of Egyptian civilization? What kind of rule characterized the height of each Egyptian kingdom? How did the Egyptians express their religious beliefs? How might trade affect the spread of Egyptian culture? Pages 30-40 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Fertile Crescent cuniform arch ziggurats Education in the Fertile Crescent Sargon Hammurabi Code of Hammurabi Hittites Assyrians Chaldeans Nebuchandnezzar Cyrus Zoraster Questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. How did geography affect the development of the Sumerian civilization? What did the structure of their educational system reveal about the biases in Sumerian society? What invaders conquered Babylon and why did they fail to control it? How did the Code of Hammurabi affect Babylonian society? What were the important ideas of Zoroaster’s teachings? What actions might the Sumerians have taken to help fight off invaders like the Akkadians? Pages 41-43 Key Terms: 1. Phoenicia 2 2. Phoenician trade 3. Phoenician Alphabet 4. money economy Questions: 1. How does a money economy differ from barter economy? 2. Why were the Phoenicians more likely than some ancient peoples to spread and borrow from other cultures? Early Civilizations Review: Pages 6-43 Chapter 5-6: Greece Pages 106-112 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Balkan Peninsula Minoans Mycenaeans polis acropolis agora Homer Greek religious beliefs Myths oracles Olympic Games aristocracies hoplite democracy Questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How did the Minoans and Mycenaeans affect Greek civilization? Why was the development of the polis important in ancient Greece? Why was the work of the poet Homer important? How did Greek government change between the 700s B.C. and 500s B.C.? How did the Greeks view the role of religion in their lives? Pages 113-120 Key Terms: 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. helots Spartan society Spartan military training Athenian society Draco Solon Cleisthenes direct democracy representative democracy Terracing pedagogue Sophists Ethics Rhetoric Questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How did democracy develop in Athens? How did the need for defense influence the way the Spartan government ruled its people? How did Athenian democracy differ from democracy in the United States today? How did democracy differ from representative democracy? How did Athenian education fulfill the Greek ideal of a sound mind in a healthy body? Pages 121-125 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Persian Wars Battle of Marathon Themistocles Delian League Pericles Peloponnesian War Questions: 1. What changes did Pericles bring to Athens and to the rest of Greece? 2. Why did the Greek city-states unite during and after the Persian Wars? 3. Why did the Peloponnesian War begin? Pages 130-137 Key Terms: 1. golden age 2. Parthenon 3. Praxiteles 4 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. philosophy Socrates Plato Aristotle Pythagoras Hippocrates Herodotus dramas tragedies comedies Questions: 1. Why the 400s B.C. are considered the golden age of Greek art and architecture? 2. How did Greeks of the golden age use art to express their ideals? 3. What common issues did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle study? How did their about government differ? 4. Why was the approach to history developed by Herodotus and Thucydides important? Pages 138-141 Key Terms: 1. Philip II of Macedon 2. orators 3. Alexander the Great 4. Hellenistic culture Questions: 1. How did Philip’s army differ from previous Macedonian armies? 2. What actions of later rulers contributed to the decline of the Hellenistic empire? 3. Why did Alexander’s empire collapse after his death? Pages 142-145 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cynic Skeptics Pyrrho Euclid Archimedes Aristarchus Questions: 1. How did the growth of the economy affect the status of women in Hellenistic society? 2. How did philosophers of the Hellenistic Age view ethics? 5 Greece Review Pages 106-145 Chapter 7: Rome Pages 150-154 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Etruscans republic senate dictator magistrates consuls veto checks and balances praetors censors tribunes patricians plebians Conflict of Orders Questions: 1. How did Rome benefit from its location? 2. How was the Roman government organized? 3. What effect did the Conflict of the Orders have on the early Roman Republic? 4. What specific right enjoyed by full citizens was denied to partial citizens as Rome expanded? Pages 155-157 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. Punic Wars Hannibal Scipio equites Questions: 1. How did expansion change the Roman Republic? 2. How did Rome gain control over the Mediterranean? Pages 158- 161 Key Terms: 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. the Gracchi Social War Lucius Cornelius Sulla Triumvirate Cleopatra Caesar Marc Antony Agustus Pax Romana Julio-Claudian Emperors Five Good Emperors Questions: 1. What political events during the first century by helped weaken the Roman Republic? 2. How did the reign of Caesar serve as a transition between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire? 3. What steps did Julius Caesar take to gain and keep power over the Roman Republic? Pages 162-167 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Twelve Tables Roman army slaves in the Roman empire gladiators Ptolemy aqueducts Virgil Questions: 1. What aspects of Roman rule helped unify and strengthen the Roman Empire? 2. What was daily life like for the Romans? 3. In what ways did the Romans contribute to science, architecture, literature, and language Pages 172-177 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. inflation Diocletian Constantine Goths and Vandals Huns 7 Questions: 1. How did the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine show the decline of the empire? 2. What roles did the Goths, Vandals, and Huns play in the decline of the Roman Empire in the West? 3. What long-term factors contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire in the West? Rome Review Pages 150-177 World Religions Judaism: Pages 44-47 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Abraham Twelve Tribes of Israel Moses Exodus Ten Commandments Solomon Torah Yahweh ethical monotheism Judeo-Christian Questions: 1. How did the Hebrews’ idea of God differ from those of other ancient civilizations? 2. How did religious views affect Hebrew culture? Hinduism and Buddhism: Pages 60-65 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Upanishads Bhagavad Gita caste system varnas monism reincarnation dharma karma nirvana 8 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. polytheistic Siddhartha Gautama Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path Vedas Questions: 1. What were the principal elements of Hinduism? 2. What were the basic beliefs of Buddhism? 3. How did the caste system affect Indian society? Islam: Pages 240-242 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Muhammad hijrah Muslims Qur’an jihad Abu Bakr ‘Umar Sunni Shi’ah immans Questions: 1. What were the important events in the development of Islam? 2. What steps did Abu Bakr and ‘Umar take to spread Islam? Christianity: Pages 168-171 Key Terms: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Jesus martyrs Constantine bishops patriarchs pope Questions: 9 1. What difficulties did Christians experience under Roman rule? What changes and events occurred during the late Roman Empire that helped establish Christianity and stabilize the church? 10