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World Civilizations
First Quarter Reading and Assignments
Chapter 1:
Pages 6-15
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Hominids
culture
Lucy
Homo sapiens
Neanderthals
Cro-Magnons
Mesolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
civilization
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What were the achievements of Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon peoples?
What important advances did Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon peoples make?
What important changes did the Neolithic agricultural revolution cause?
What five characteristics are shared by civilizations?
How did the needs of early civilizations lead to the development of calendars and systems of writing?
Chapter 2: Egypt and other Early Civilizations
Pages 20-29
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Nile River
hieroglyphics
Rosetta Stone
Menes
pharaoh
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
Hyksos
New Kingdom
empire
Hatshepsut
Amenhotep IV
polytheism
1
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
monotheism
Rameses II
pyramids
scribes
Egypt view of the Afterlife
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How did geography affect the development of ancient Egypt?
What events and disclosures marked the development of Egyptian civilization?
What kind of rule characterized the height of each Egyptian kingdom?
How did the Egyptians express their religious beliefs?
How might trade affect the spread of Egyptian culture?
Pages 30-40
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Fertile Crescent
cuniform
arch
ziggurats
Education in the Fertile Crescent
Sargon
Hammurabi
Code of Hammurabi
Hittites
Assyrians
Chaldeans
Nebuchandnezzar
Cyrus
Zoraster
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
How did geography affect the development of the Sumerian civilization?
What did the structure of their educational system reveal about the biases in Sumerian society?
What invaders conquered Babylon and why did they fail to control it?
How did the Code of Hammurabi affect Babylonian society?
What were the important ideas of Zoroaster’s teachings?
What actions might the Sumerians have taken to help fight off invaders like the Akkadians?
Pages 41-43
Key Terms:
1.
Phoenicia
2
2. Phoenician trade
3. Phoenician Alphabet
4. money economy
Questions:
1. How does a money economy differ from barter economy?
2. Why were the Phoenicians more likely than some ancient peoples to spread and borrow from other
cultures?
Early Civilizations Review:
Pages 6-43
Chapter 5-6: Greece
Pages 106-112
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Balkan Peninsula
Minoans
Mycenaeans
polis
acropolis
agora
Homer
Greek religious beliefs
Myths
oracles
Olympic Games
aristocracies
hoplite
democracy
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How did the Minoans and Mycenaeans affect Greek civilization?
Why was the development of the polis important in ancient Greece?
Why was the work of the poet Homer important?
How did Greek government change between the 700s B.C. and 500s B.C.?
How did the Greeks view the role of religion in their lives?
Pages 113-120
Key Terms:
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
helots
Spartan society
Spartan military training
Athenian society
Draco
Solon
Cleisthenes
direct democracy
representative democracy
Terracing
pedagogue
Sophists
Ethics
Rhetoric
Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How did democracy develop in Athens?
How did the need for defense influence the way the Spartan government ruled its people?
How did Athenian democracy differ from democracy in the United States today?
How did democracy differ from representative democracy?
How did Athenian education fulfill the Greek ideal of a sound mind in a healthy body?
Pages 121-125
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Persian Wars
Battle of Marathon
Themistocles
Delian League
Pericles
Peloponnesian War
Questions:
1. What changes did Pericles bring to Athens and to the rest of Greece?
2. Why did the Greek city-states unite during and after the Persian Wars?
3. Why did the Peloponnesian War begin?
Pages 130-137
Key Terms:
1. golden age
2. Parthenon
3. Praxiteles
4
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
philosophy
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Pythagoras
Hippocrates
Herodotus
dramas
tragedies
comedies
Questions:
1. Why the 400s B.C. are considered the golden age of Greek art and architecture?
2. How did Greeks of the golden age use art to express their ideals?
3. What common issues did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle study? How did their about government differ?
4. Why was the approach to history developed by Herodotus and Thucydides important?
Pages 138-141
Key Terms:
1. Philip II of Macedon
2. orators
3. Alexander the Great
4. Hellenistic culture
Questions:
1. How did Philip’s army differ from previous Macedonian armies?
2. What actions of later rulers contributed to the decline of the Hellenistic empire?
3. Why did Alexander’s empire collapse after his death?
Pages 142-145
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Cynic
Skeptics
Pyrrho
Euclid
Archimedes
Aristarchus
Questions:
1. How did the growth of the economy affect the status of women in Hellenistic society?
2. How did philosophers of the Hellenistic Age view ethics?
5
Greece Review
Pages 106-145
Chapter 7: Rome
Pages 150-154
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Etruscans
republic
senate
dictator
magistrates
consuls
veto
checks and balances
praetors
censors
tribunes
patricians
plebians
Conflict of Orders
Questions:
1. How did Rome benefit from its location?
2. How was the Roman government organized?
3. What effect did the Conflict of the Orders have on the early Roman Republic?
4. What specific right enjoyed by full citizens was denied to partial citizens as Rome expanded?
Pages 155-157
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Punic Wars
Hannibal
Scipio
equites
Questions:
1. How did expansion change the Roman Republic?
2. How did Rome gain control over the Mediterranean?
Pages 158- 161
Key Terms:
6
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
the Gracchi
Social War
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Triumvirate
Cleopatra
Caesar
Marc Antony
Agustus
Pax Romana
Julio-Claudian Emperors
Five Good Emperors
Questions:
1. What political events during the first century by helped weaken the Roman Republic?
2. How did the reign of Caesar serve as a transition between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire?
3. What steps did Julius Caesar take to gain and keep power over the Roman Republic?
Pages 162-167
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Twelve Tables
Roman army
slaves in the Roman empire
gladiators
Ptolemy
aqueducts
Virgil
Questions:
1. What aspects of Roman rule helped unify and strengthen the Roman Empire?
2. What was daily life like for the Romans?
3. In what ways did the Romans contribute to science, architecture, literature, and language
Pages 172-177
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
inflation
Diocletian
Constantine
Goths and Vandals
Huns
7
Questions:
1. How did the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine show the decline of the empire?
2. What roles did the Goths, Vandals, and Huns play in the decline of the Roman Empire in the West?
3. What long-term factors contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire in the West?
Rome Review
Pages 150-177
World Religions
Judaism:
Pages 44-47
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Abraham
Twelve Tribes of Israel
Moses
Exodus
Ten Commandments
Solomon
Torah
Yahweh
ethical monotheism
Judeo-Christian
Questions:
1. How did the Hebrews’ idea of God differ from those of other ancient civilizations?
2. How did religious views affect Hebrew culture?
Hinduism and Buddhism:
Pages 60-65
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Upanishads
Bhagavad Gita
caste system
varnas
monism
reincarnation
dharma
karma
nirvana
8
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
polytheistic
Siddhartha Gautama
Four Noble Truths
Eightfold Path
Vedas
Questions:
1. What were the principal elements of Hinduism?
2. What were the basic beliefs of Buddhism?
3. How did the caste system affect Indian society?
Islam:
Pages 240-242
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Muhammad
hijrah
Muslims
Qur’an
jihad
Abu Bakr
‘Umar
Sunni
Shi’ah
immans
Questions:
1. What were the important events in the development of Islam?
2. What steps did Abu Bakr and ‘Umar take to spread Islam?
Christianity:
Pages 168-171
Key Terms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Jesus
martyrs
Constantine
bishops
patriarchs
pope
Questions:
9
1. What difficulties did Christians experience under Roman rule?
 What changes and events occurred during the late Roman Empire that helped establish Christianity and
stabilize the church?
10