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Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes that support the function of our bodies. LEARNING OBJECTIVES [ edit ] Describe the purpose of homeostasis. Distinguish physiology from anatomy. KEY POINTS [ edit ] The study of physiology occurs at many levels, including at the level of the organism, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules. Physiology investigates the processes that support growth and development, absorption and processing of nutrients, and synthesis and distribution of protein and other organic molecules. Homeostasis is the maintenance of the overall resistance of the body, which is monitored by the brain and nervous system and is regulated by the physiology of individual organs. While anatomy deals with the structure of an organism, physiology deals with the way that the parts function together. TERMS [ edit ] physiology A branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved. homeostasis The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a stable equilibrium; such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a constant temperature. Living Systems Living systems are open self-organizing living things that interact with their environment. These systems are maintained by flows of information, energy and matter. EXAMPLE [ edit ] Examples of physiological processes are numerous, but one example would be the steps that allow a muscle to convert energy sources into mechanical force. Give us feedback on this content: FULL TEXT [edit ] Physiology is the science of the function of living systems. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems within systems. This includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system to support growth and development, absorption and processing of nutrients, and synthesis and Register for FREE to stop seeing ads distribution of protein and other organic molecules. Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. Leonardo da Vinci's "The Vitruvian Man" Vitruvian Man: A drawing created by Leonardo da Vinci. The drawing is based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry described[4] by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise De Architectura. Homeostasis The term "homeostasis" refers to the maintenance of overall inner resistance in the body. Homeostasis stabilizes the body by regulating the internal environment. This is required for the body to function sufficiently. The homeostatic process is essential for the survival of each cell, tissue, and body system. Homeostasis in a general sense refers to stability, balance, or equilibrium. Maintaining a stable internal environment requires constant monitoring, mostly by the brain and nervous system. The brain receives information from the body and responds appropriately through the release of various substances likeneurotransmitters, catecholamines, and hormones. Individual organ physiology facilitates the maintenance of homeostasis of the whole body. For instance, blood pressure is regulated by the release of renin by the kidneys, which allows blood pressure to be stabilized. The brain also helps regulate blood pressure by the pituitary releasing anti-diuretic hormone (ADH). Thus, homeostasis is maintained within the body as a whole, dependent upon its parts. Body Systems Traditionally, the academic discipline of physiology views the body as a collection of interacting systems, each with its own combination of functions and purposes. Each body system contributes to the homeostasis of other systems and of the entire organism. No system of the body works in isolation, and the well-being of the person depends upon the well-being of all the interacting body systems. The traditional divisions by system are somewhat arbitrary. Many body parts participate in more than one system, and systems might be organized by function, by embryological origin, or by other categorizations. For instance, the "neuroendocrine system" is the complex interactions of the neurological and endocrinological systems which together regulate physiology. Furthermore, many aspects of physiology are not as easily included in the traditional organ system categories. The study of how physiology is altered in disease is pathophysiology. Anatomy Human anatomy deals with the way that the parts of humans, from molecules to bones, interact to form a functional whole. The study of anatomy is distinct from the study of physiology, although the two are often paired. While anatomy deals with the structure of an organism, physiology deals with the way that the parts function together. For example, an anatomist may study the types of cells in the cardiac conduction system and how those cells are connected, while a physiologist would look at why and how the heart beats. Thus, anatomy and physiology are separate, but complimentary studies of how an organism works. The human heart and lungs Anatomy and physiology are complimentary disciplines as the structure of body systems often influences system function.