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Warm Up 1. How do these organisms interact with each other? Warm Up 2. How do these organisms interact with each other? Warm Up 3. How do these organisms interact with each other? Types of Interactions Among Living Things Interactions with the Environment Most living things produce more offspring than will survive. This is known as overproduction. So why are we not overrun with frogs or fish? Limiting Factors Organisms interact with the biotic & abiotic factors in their environment. Populations cannot grow without stopping. Limits on the amount of: – – – – Food Water Living space Other resources Limiting factor – a resource that is so scarce that it limits the size of a population. Carrying Capacity Carrying capacity – the largest population that an environment can support. When a population grows larger than its carrying capacity, limiting factors in the environment cause individuals to die off or leave, returning the population to a size that the environment can support. Interactions Among Organisms 1. 2. 3. Competition Predation Symbiosis Adaptations Every organism has a variety of adaptations (characteristics) that are suited to its specific conditions which help the organism to survive. The adaptations can also assist them in their interactions with other organisms. 1. Competition Competition – when two or more individuals or populations try to use the same resources. – – Food, water, shelter, space, sunlight Adaptations enable organisms to reduce competition. Competition in a Population Example: – The elks in Yellowstone National Park are herbivores that compete with each other for food plants in the park. Competition in a Community Example: – Competition also happens between different populations (within a community). Different species of plants compete with each other for sunlight and space. 2. Predation An interaction in which one organism hunts and kills another organism for food is called predation. – Predator – the hunter Prey the hunted Predator Adaptations Helps them catch & kill their prey – – – – Speed Stingers, toxins, sharp teeth Camouflage Night vision Prey Adaptations Also known as “defense strategies” to avoid predation: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Camouflage Protective coverings Warning coloring Defensive chemicals Mimicry False coloring Camouflage Prey blend in to their environment to avoid being eaten by predators. Protective Coverings Hedgehog Warning Coloring Bright colors warn predators that the prey may be poisonous and to stay away! Defensive Chemicals Some animals defend themselves with chemicals. Mimicry The ability some animals have to resemble another animal so closely that they can fool either their prey or their predators. Monarch Coral Snake Viceroy King Snake False Coloring Used to trick predators “Who You Callin’ Ugly?” Do you think it is beneficial for each of these organisms to look they way they do? Why or why not? “Who You Callin’ Ugly?” Read the article on pgs. 12-15 (Science World, 2/14/2011). What is an adaptation? Complete the following chart: Animal: Proboscis Monkey Leaf-Tailed Gecko Wrinkle-Faced Bat Star-Nosed Mole Marabou Stork Sea Pig Odd or interesting trait: How is this trait beneficial to the animal? 3. Symbiosis Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species. 3 types: 1. 2. 3. Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism A relationship in which both species benefit – Positive Ex: – clownfish & sea anemone Commensalism A relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed – Neutral Ex: – gray whale covered in barnacles Parasitism Involves one organism living on or inside another organism and harming it! – Negative Parasite – the organism that benefits Host – the organism that is harmed Ex: – Tapeworms Summary Acrostic I N T E R A C T Example: Dogs are canines. Obedient Growl Scottish Terrier Reading Chart Before Reading: While Reading: What do you already know about this topic? What new information did What questions or you learn while reading? thoughts do you still have about this topic? Link to article: Science World, 1/24/11, pgs. 14-15. After Reading: “Stunning Sea Flower, or Deadly Animal?” Article Heading: “A scientist travels the world to unlock the secrets of strange and beautiful sea anemones.” Before Reading: What do you already know about this topic? Relationships Among Organisms • What relationship does the sea anemone have with the following organisms? – Shrimp? – Hermit Crabs? – Clownfish? – Snails?