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Most plants consists of 3 main parts: 1. Roots: penetrate the soil to ___________ plant and reach water source 2. Stems: supply rigid tissue that raise and support the __________________ 3. Leaves: provide greater surface area to carry out ___________________________ The plant kingdom is divided into 2 major groups: 1. Vascular Plants: Well developed root, leaves and stem system to conduct solutions throughout the plant; contain ___________________________ 2. Non-Vascular Plants: have no or poorly developed roots, leaves and stems Common Ancestor Vascular and NonVascular plants probably arose from common ancestor: __________ __________________ Both use starch as their primary food source Cellulose in cell wall Use chlorophylls a & b during photosynthesis Non-Vascular Plants Lack vascular tissue to carry water and dissolved substances throughout the plant Ex. __________________ Require ___________ environment Can have impersonators!! Restricted in size because no vascular tissue to support them or transport water upward Vascular Plants Plants that contain vascular tissue to transport nutrients Xylem = __________ __________________ Phloem = _________ __________________ Two types: seedless and seed plants Vascular Plants - Seedless Have vascular tissue Do no produce ______________ Examples: Whisk ferns, horsetails, ferns Vascular Plants – Seed Plants Gymnosperms Form seeds without a seed coat Seeds are attached to the scales of cones Ex. conifers in Canada Vascular Plants – Seed Plants Angiosperms Flowering plant that forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary Seeds either have one or two embryonic seed leaves called _____________________ _ Ex. trees, grasses, vegetables, wildflowers, herbs Angiosperms ADVANTAGES: ________________________________ (apples, burrs, maple keys) ________________________________ HUGE number of angiosperm species Grouped into 2 sections: Moncots (1 cotyledon) Dicots (2 cotyledons) Monocots vs. Dicots Monocots Seed leaves: _________ Dicots cotyledon Veins in leaves: usually cotyledons ____________________ Vascular bundles: Flower parts: multiples of Examples: grasses, orchids, lilies, tulips Vascular bundles: arranged in ___________ ______ Veins in leaves: usually ____________________ ____________________ Seed leaves: _________ Flower parts: multiples of _______________ Examples: most trees, wildflower species, lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes Summary Vascular Systems Vascular Bundles Transport material within the plant via stem Dicots = ring of vascular bundles Monocots = scattered vascular bundles Tube-like strands connecting vascular tissue of roots to vascular tissue of leaves MONOCOTS DICOTS Xylem vs. Phloem Xylem: Transportation of _________________ Non-living cells Phloem: Transportation of food: __________________ Living Cells
