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HIST 151
“And the War Came”
Essay 10
President Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address
“On the occasion [of my first inaugural address] four years ago all
thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. All
dreaded it, all sought to avert it. While the inaugural address was
being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving the
Union without war, urgent agents were in the city seeking to
destroy it without war—seeking to dissolve the Union and divide
effects by negotiation. . . One-eighth of the whole population were
colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but
localized in the southern part of it. These slaves constituted a
peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was
somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and
extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would
rend the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no
right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. .
. Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war
rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war
rather than let it perish, and the war came.”
March 4, 1865
“And the War Came”
 What kind of war was the American “Civil War”?
1. The “War of the Rebellion” (Great Rebellion)
2. The “War of Northern Aggression”
3. The “War between the States”
4. The “War for Southern Independence”
5. The “Civil War”
6. The “Second American Revolutionary War”
7. The “War in Defense of Virginia”
8. “Mr. Lincoln's War”
9. The “War of Secession “
10. The “War of the Insurrection”
11. The “Slaveholders War”
12. The “War to Save the Union”
“And the War Came”
I. Preparing for War

Lincoln and Secession
1. Union Perpetual
2. Secession Impossible
3. Southern states under the control of rebellious
traitors

Problems with Secession
1. National Debt
2. Navigation of the Nation’s Waterways
3. Federal Territories
4. Business Relationships & Commerce
“And the War Came”
 Lincoln’s Cabinet
1. Secretary of State
William H. __________
2. Secretary of the
Treasury Salmon P.
__________
“And the War Came”
3. Secretary of War
Simon Cameron &
Edwin M. __________
“And the War Came”
4. Secretary of the
Navy Gideon Welles
5. Chief of the Army
General Winfield Scott
 _____________ Plan
“And the War Came”
 Jefferson Davis’s Cabinet
1. Vice President Alexander
H. ___________
2. Secretary of State Robert
A. Toombs
“And the War Came”
3. Attorney General
Judah ____________
4. Secretary of the
Navy Stephen Mallory
“And the War Came”
5. Secretary of War
Leroy Pope Walker
6. Leader of the
Confederate Congress
– Howell _________
“And the War Came”
 Border States
1. Crittenden-Johnson
Resolution
 War was “to defend and
maintain the
supremacy of the
Constitution and to
preserve the ________.”
← Senators John J. Crittenden
& Andrew Johnson
“And the War Came”
2. Lincoln and Civil
Liberties
 _____________ and
Missouri
3. Slavery
“And the War Came”
4. Lincoln and the Constitution
 Creation of _________ Virginia – secession from
Virginia
Article IV; Section 3
New States may be admitted by the Congress into
this Union; but no new State shall be formed or
erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State;
nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or
more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent
of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well
as of the Congress.
“And the War Came”
 If a state could not secede and its legal
legislature was simply in rebellion, how could
Lincoln recognize a shadow legislature’s act to
establish the state of West Virginia?
 If Lincoln recognized the act of the shadow
legislature, would that not give credibility to the
idea that the Richmond legislature ceased to
exist, thus placing the state out of the Union?
“And the War Came”
 Northern and Southern
Advantages and
Disadvantages
1. Union and Confederate
Leadership
 ← Jefferson _________
 Abraham Lincoln
“And the War Came”
 The South, Cotton and
the World
1. South’s belief that the
world could not do
without its cotton
2. “Cotton is _________”
“And the War Came”
3. Alexander Stephens
 “_________________” Speech
 “Our new government[‘s]
foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth
that the negro is not equal to the
white man; that slavery—
subordination to the superior
race—is his natural and normal
condition. This, our new
government, is the first, in the
history of the world, based upon
this great physical, philosophical,
and moral truth.”
March 21, 1861
“And the War Came”
 Union Diplomacy
1. Britain
2. France
3. Europe sympathized with
the Confederacy
4. The ___________Affair
 Lincoln: “One war at a
time”
← Charles Francis Adams
“And the War Came”
 Congress During the Civil War
1. Non-Military Legislation
 ________________ Act
 Morrill Land Grant Act
 Income Tax bill
 Morrill Tariff
 Legal Tender Act
2. Slavery Legislation
 Abolition of slavery in DC
and the territories
 ______thAmendment
← Galusha Aaron Grow
“And the War Came”
 Union and Confederate
Armies
1. Volunteers
2. _________________
 Financing the War Effort
1. Taxation
2. Tariffs
3. __________ money
 Prisoners of War
1. Andersonville, GA
2. Elmira, NY
← New York Draft Riots
“And the War Came”
II. The American Civil War
 Fort ______________ –
April 1861
 Secession of the Upper
South
 Confederate capital
moved from
Montgomery, AL to
______________, VA
“And the War Came”
 First Battle of Bull Run
– July 1861
1. ______________, VA
2. Northern Strategy
for the War
3. Both sides believed
the war would be a
short one
← Generals P.G.T Beauregard
(CSS) & Irwin McDowell (US)
“And the War Came”
 Peninsular Campaign – AprilJuly 1862
1. ↑ General George B.
________________(Union)
2. ↓ General Joseph E.
Johnston (Confederate)
3. General Robert E. Lee –
Seven Days’ Battle – June-July
1862
4. General Thomas J.
“_____________” Jackson and
the Shenandoah Valley
Campaign
“And the War Came”
 The Naval War
1. _____________ and
______________ – March
1862
 Battle at Hampton
Roads at the mouth of
the Elizabeth and James
Rivers
2. CSS Hunley
 Confederate submarine
“And the War Came”
 Battle of ______________–
The First Turning Point –
September 1862
1. Second Battle of Bull
Run – August 1862
2. Confederate Invasion
into Union Territory
3. Confederate Objectives
← Union General John Pope
“And the War Came”
4. __________________
Proclamation
 Reaction to the
Proclamation
 Foreign Intervention
 How many slaves did the
emancipation proclamation
free?
Lincoln on the Union and Slavery
"My paramount object in this struggle is to save the
Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I
could save the Union without freeing any slave I would
do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I
would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and
leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do
about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I
believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I
forbear because I do not believe it would help to save
the Union. I shall do less whenever I shall believe what I
am doing hurts the cause, and I shall do more whenever
I shall believe doing more will help the cause."
Abraham Lincoln to New York Tribune editor Horace Greeley, August 11, 1862
Emancipation Proclamation
“Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the
United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as
Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the
United States in time of actual armed rebellion against
the authority and government of the United States, and
as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said
rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three,
and in accordance with my purpose so to do publicly
proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days, from
the day first above mentioned, order and designate as
the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof
respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United
States, the following, to wit: [list of all the states and/or
regions in rebellion against the United States]
 “And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose
aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons
held as slaves within said designated States, and
parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free;
and that the Executive government of the United
States, including the military and naval authorities
thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom
of said persons. January 1, 1863
“And the War Came”
 _________________ –
December 1862
 The “stone wall”
← General Ambrose Burnside
“And the War Came”
 Chancellorsville – May 1863
1. Death of _____________
_________________
2. Jackson was mistakenly
shot by is own soldiers
3. Had is left arm amputated,
but developed pneumonia
and died a few days later
4. General Lee: “General
Jackson, you have lost your
left arm, but I have lost my
right.”
← General Joe Hooker
“And the War Came”
 Second Confederate invasion
of Union territory
 Battle of ________________–
The Second Turning Point –
July 1863
1. The First Day
 General Winfield Scott
Hancock and Cemetery
Ridge
 General Richard ________
← General George Gordon
Meade
“And the War Came”
2. The Second Day
 ← Colonel Joshua
_______________ and
Little Round Top
 ← General Daniel
Sickles and the “Fish
hook” formation
“And the War Came”
3. The Third Day
 ____________’s
Charge
← General George Pickett
“And the War Came”
4. _______________
Address
 November 1863
 Symbolic of the
conversion of the
war from one to
preserve the Union
to one for human
liberty
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought
forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in
Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men
are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether
that nation, or any nation so conceived and so
dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great
battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a
portion of that field, as a final resting place for those
who here gave their lives that that nation might live.
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do
this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we
can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this
ground. The brave men, living and dead, who
struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our
poor power to add or detract.
The world will little note, nor long remember what we
say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is
for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the
unfinished work which they who fought here have thus
far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here
dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that
from these honored dead we take increased devotion to
that cause for which they gave the last full measure of
devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead
shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that
government of the people, by the people, for the people,
shall not perish from the earth.
“And the War Came”
 War in the West
1. General Ulysses S. ________
2. Fort Henry and Fort
Donelson – Kentucky –
February 1862
3. Battle of Shiloh – April 1862
4. Battle of Perrysville –
October 1862
5. ______________ Campaign
– April to July 1863
 Control of the Mississippi
River
 Split the Confederacy in two
“And the War Came”
5. Fall of Atlanta –
September 1864
 General William T.
_______________
 “March to the Sea”
“And the War Came”
 Election of 1864
1. Republicans – Abraham
Lincoln
 Andrew ____________(D)
TN
2. Democrats – George B.
McClellan
 Democrats nominate a
pro-war candidate on an
anti-war platform
“And the War Came”
 Grant Takes Command – The End of the
Confederacy
 The Eastern Theater
1. Wilderness Campaign – May 1864
2. ________________ Court House – May 1864
3. Cold Harbor – June 1864
4. Siege of ___________________
5. Trench Warfare
“And the War Came”
5. _________________
Court House – April 9,
1865
 Lee and Grant meet at
the home of Wilmer
McLean
“And the War Came”
 Assassination of President
Lincoln
1. John Wilkes _________
2. Impact of Lincoln’s
Death on the South
3. Secretary of War
Stanton: “Now he belongs
to the ages.”
← John Wilkes Booth
“And the War Came”
Black Americans collecting bones
of soldiers at Cold Harbor
III. Significance of the
American Civil War
 Use of government power
to _____________ society
 Destruction of the concept
of secession
 Destruction of ___________
 Massive growth of the
federal government
“And the War Came”
 Fatal blow to the
_________’srights
philosophy
 Destruction of southern
economy
 Impact on families—
north and south
 Acceleration of northern
________________