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Science Explorer- Chemical Building Blocks Chapter Three- Elements and the Periodic Table Section One Atomic Mass: the average mass of one atom of an element (pg. 77) Periodic Table: a chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties (pg. 78) Nucleus: the central core of an atom containing protons and usually neutrons (pg. 79) Proton: a small, positively charged particle in the nucleus of the atom (pg. 79) Neutron: a small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no electrical charge (pg. 79) Electron: a tiny, negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus of an atom (pg. 79) Atomic Mass Unit (amu): a unit used to measure the mass of particles in atoms; a proton or neutron has a mass of 1 amu (pg. 79) Atomic Number: the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (pg. 79) Chemical Symbol: a one- or two- letter representation of an element (pg. 82) Family: elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called group (pg. 82) Group: elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table; also called family (pg. 82) Period: a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table (pg. 83) Valence Electron: one of the electrons farthest away from the nucleus of the atom; these electrons are involved in a chemical reaction (pg. 85) Section Two Malleable: a term used to describe material that can be hammered or rolled into shape (pg. 87) Ductile: a term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire (pg. 87) Conductor: a substance that transmits heat or electricity easily (pg. 88) Magnetic: a characteristic of those metals that are attracted to magnets and can be made into magnets (pg. 88) Reactivity: the ease and speed with which an element or compound combines with other elements and compounds (pg. 88) Corrosion: the gradual wearing away of a metal element due to a chemical reaction (pg. 88) Alloy: a mixture of two or more metals (pg. 89) Alkali Metals: an element in Group 1 of the periodic table (pg. 89) Transition Metals: an element in Group 3 through 12 of the periodic table (pg. 90) Lanthanide: an element in the first row of the rare earth elements in the periodic table (pg. 92) Actinides: an element in the second row of the rare earth elements in the periodic table (pg. 92) Section Three Nonmetals: an element that lacks most of the properties of metals (pg. 96) Diatomic Molecule: a molecule composed of two atoms (pg. 97) Halogen Family: the elements in Group 17 of the periodic table (pg. 100) Metalloid: an element that has some of the characteristics of metals and some of the characteristics of nonmetals (pg. 101) Semiconductor: an element that can conduct electricity under some conditions (pg. 101) Section Four Plasma: a state of matter in which atoms are stripped of their electrons and the nuclei packed closely together (pg. 104) Nuclear Fusion: the process in which smaller nuclei combine into larger nuclei, forming heavier elements (pg. 105) Supernova: an explosion of a massive star (pg. 106)