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Infectious Diseases and Disease Processes HCS 1100 SLO 1.1 Disease Terminology Disease may be defined as abnormality of the structure or function of a part, organ, or system. Disease may be of known or unknown causes and may show marked variation in severity and effects on an individual Predisposing Causes of Disease Predisposing causes may increase the probability of a person’s becoming ill Age Tissues degenerate with age. Some diseases are more common in younger adults and children Gender Men are more likely to have early heart disease, women are more likely to develop adult diabetes and autoimmune diseases Heredity Some people inherit a ‘tendency’ to get particular diseases such as diabetes, allergies and certain forms of cancer Living Conditions -not getting enough sleep, poor diet, little exercise, drug and alcohol abuse. -overcrowding and poor sanitation help the spread of disease Emotional Disturbance -stress and anxiety of everyday life can affect the body Physical and Chemical damage - Pre-existing Illness Injuries that cause burns, cuts, crushing damage to tissues and fractures can increase the chances of infection Exposure to radiation, chemical toxins, pollutants - Having chronic disease such as high blood pressure or diabetes increases a person’s chances of getting another disease Etiology The study of the cause of any disease or the theory of its origin Diseases are often classified on the basis of severity and duration Acute – these diseases are relatively severe but usually last a short time Chronic – these diseases are often less severe but are likely to be continuous or recurring for long periods of time Subacute- these diseases are intermediate between acute and chronic Epidemiology The study of diseases in populations These scientists collect information on a disease’s geographical distribution and its tendency to appear in one gender, age group or race more or less frequently than another. Epidemic and Pandemic Epidemic – when many people in a given region acquire a certain disease at the same time Examples: epidemics of influenza or in the past epidemics of small pox and bubonic plague Small Pox Bubonic Plague Pandemic Pandemic – a disease that is prevalent thoughout an entire country or continent or the world as a whole Examples: AIDS and H1N1 Pandemics