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Transcript
World History Ms. Areces Chapter 5 Guided Notes Ancient Greece Section 3: Victory and Defeat in the Greek World The Persian Wars The __________________________ had a huge empire that stretched from Asia Minor to India—which included the Greek city-states of Ionia o The city-states were __________________________________, but they still ___________________________________ their situation 499 BC: Ionian Greeks ________________________________ against the Persians o Athens sent ___________________________________________ The Persians quickly crushed down the rebel cities, but Darius I was still angry with the Athenian aid 490 BC: the Persians landed near _____________________________, a plain north of Athens o Athenians asked for help but did not receive much The Persians _____________________________________________ the Athenians o Plus, the Athenians _________________________________ any horsemen or archers—which shocked the Persians The Persians shot a round of arrows at the Greeks, but the Greeks ________________________________________________________________________ The Persians ___________________________ back to their ships The Athenians celebrated their victory, but knew it would not be the last so they built a fleet of warships and prepared other defenses at the urging of Athenian leader _____________________________________________ Darius died before he could attack again, but his son _______________________ was ready for war with the Greeks again 490 BC: Xerxes sent a much larger force to conquer Greece o By this time, ________________________ had convinced ________________________ and other city-states to fight against Persia Again, the Persians landed near northern Greece A _____________________________________ of Spartans fiercely defended the narrow mountain pass at Thermopylae o They were led by __________________________________________, who held out against the Persians heroically After defeating the Spartans, the Persians marched to Athens and ________________________________________________ o The Athenians had __________________________________ the city for safety They put their faith in the ___________________________________ that Themistocles had told them to build World History Ms. Areces They lured the Persians into the narrow strait of Salamis The Athenian warships, powered by rowers, drove into the Persian boats with ______________________________________ battering rams Xerxes ______________________________________________________ The following year, the Greeks ______________________________ the Persians on land in Asia Minor o This marked the end of the Persian invasions o Fighting continued for years, but the Greeks were on the ____________________ instead of the defensive This victory over the Persians increased the Greeks’ sense of ___________________________________________________________ o They thought the gods had helped protect them against invaders Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state o They formed the ________________________________________, an alliance with other Greek city-states to fight against the Persians Alliance: ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ o Athens dominated the Delian League—using the money from the league to rebuild its city When other city-states protested, they responded with _______________ Athens in the Age of Pericles The years after the Persian Wars were a _____________________________ for Athens Under statesman Pericles, the economy ________________________ and the government became more _________________________________ 460 BC – 429 BC: often called “The Age of Pericles” Under Pericles, Athens was a _____________________________________________ o A large number of citizens take direct part in day-to-day affairs of government o Today, we usually take part indirectly by electing representatives The Athenian assembly was meeting several times a month with at least 6,000 members making important decisions Pericles believed that all male citizens, __________________________________________________________________, should take part in the government Because of this, Athens began to pay a stipend, or a fixed salary, to men who held public office o Poor men _________________________________________________________ Athenians also served on juries: panels of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in trial o An Athenian jury could have ________________________ or ________________________ of members World History Ms. Areces o Male citizens over 30 also received a stipend for serving on the jury Athenians could also vote to banish a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their democracy called ___________________________________ o The process included __________________________________________________________________ o The person with the most votes was banished for up to _____________________ Athens ______________________ during the Age of Pericles With all of the riches, Pericles hired the best ____________________________ to rebuild the Acropolis (which had been destroyed by the Persians) The new buildings increased prosperity by _______________________________________________________________________ o They also reminded citizens that the gods favored Athens Pericles, with the help of a woman named Aspasia, helped to turn Athens into a __________________________________________________ The Peloponnesian War Many other Greeks __________________________ Athens’s domination To counter the Delian League, Sparta and other enemies of Athens created the __________________________________________________________ o Sparta encouraged ___________________________, while Athens encouraged ___________________________ ___________________: war broke out between Sparta and Athens o Known as the Peloponnesian War o Dragged on for 27 years Athens faced serious geographic ___________________________________ o Athens had a powerful _____________, but Sparta was _____________________ o This means that Sparta could not be attacked __________________________, but Sparta could very easily march northward to attack Athens by land When Sparta invaded, Pericles had allowed people from the countryside to move inside the city walls o With all the overcrowding, a _______________________ broke out—killing a __________________ of the population, including Pericles o His successors entered a power struggle which ___________________________ the success of the democratic government As the war dragged on, each side committed savage acts against each other Sparta even allied itself with the ___________________________ o 404 BC: Sparta captured Athens with the help of the Persian navy o But the Spartans ______________________________ burn down the city like their allies, probably out of respect The war ________________________ Athenian domination over the Greek world o Its economy revived, but not its ____________________________________ World History Ms. Areces ________________________________ also suffered, as corruption and selfish ideals began to take over Even Sparta ________________________________ by the city-state of Thebes Greece would continue to live in disarray and fighting until a new power from Macedonia stood poised to conquer all the Greek city-states…