Download 5-3 Guided Notes

World History
Ms. Areces
Chapter 5 Guided Notes
Ancient Greece
Section 3: Victory and Defeat in the Greek World
The Persian Wars
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The __________________________ had a huge empire that stretched from Asia Minor
to India—which included the Greek city-states of Ionia
o The city-states were __________________________________, but they still
___________________________________ their situation
499 BC: Ionian Greeks ________________________________ against the Persians
o Athens sent ___________________________________________
The Persians quickly crushed down the rebel cities, but Darius I was still angry with the
Athenian aid
490 BC: the Persians landed near _____________________________, a plain north of
Athens
o Athenians asked for help but did not receive much
The Persians _____________________________________________ the Athenians
o Plus, the Athenians _________________________________ any horsemen or
archers—which shocked the Persians
The Persians shot a round of arrows at the Greeks, but the Greeks
________________________________________________________________________
The Persians ___________________________ back to their ships
The Athenians celebrated their victory, but knew it would not be the last so they built a
fleet of warships and prepared other defenses at the urging of Athenian leader
_____________________________________________
Darius died before he could attack again, but his son _______________________ was
ready for war with the Greeks again
490 BC: Xerxes sent a much larger force to conquer Greece
o By this time, ________________________ had convinced
________________________ and other city-states to fight against Persia
Again, the Persians landed near northern Greece
A _____________________________________ of Spartans fiercely defended the
narrow mountain pass at Thermopylae
o They were led by __________________________________________, who held
out against the Persians heroically
After defeating the Spartans, the Persians marched to Athens and
________________________________________________
o The Athenians had __________________________________ the city for safety
They put their faith in the ___________________________________ that Themistocles
had told them to build
World History
Ms. Areces
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They lured the Persians into the narrow strait of Salamis
The Athenian warships, powered by rowers, drove into the Persian boats with
______________________________________ battering rams
Xerxes ______________________________________________________
The following year, the Greeks ______________________________ the Persians on land
in Asia Minor
o This marked the end of the Persian invasions
o Fighting continued for years, but the Greeks were on the ____________________
instead of the defensive
This victory over the Persians increased the Greeks’ sense of
___________________________________________________________
o They thought the gods had helped protect them against invaders
Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state
o They formed the ________________________________________, an alliance
with other Greek city-states to fight against the Persians
 Alliance:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
o Athens dominated the Delian League—using the money from the league to
rebuild its city
 When other city-states protested, they responded with _______________
Athens in the Age of Pericles
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The years after the Persian Wars were a _____________________________ for Athens
Under statesman Pericles, the economy ________________________ and the
government became more _________________________________
460 BC – 429 BC: often called “The Age of Pericles”
Under Pericles, Athens was a _____________________________________________
o A large number of citizens take direct part in day-to-day affairs of government
o Today, we usually take part indirectly by electing representatives
The Athenian assembly was meeting several times a month with at least 6,000 members
making important decisions
Pericles believed that all male citizens,
__________________________________________________________________,
should take part in the government
Because of this, Athens began to pay a stipend, or a fixed salary, to men who held public
office
o Poor men _________________________________________________________
Athenians also served on juries: panels of citizens who have the authority to make the
final judgment in trial
o An Athenian jury could have ________________________ or
________________________ of members
World History
Ms. Areces
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o Male citizens over 30 also received a stipend for serving on the jury
Athenians could also vote to banish a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their
democracy called ___________________________________
o The process included
__________________________________________________________________
o The person with the most votes was banished for up to _____________________
Athens ______________________ during the Age of Pericles
With all of the riches, Pericles hired the best ____________________________ to
rebuild the Acropolis (which had been destroyed by the Persians)
The new buildings increased prosperity by
_______________________________________________________________________
o They also reminded citizens that the gods favored Athens
Pericles, with the help of a woman named Aspasia, helped to turn Athens into a
__________________________________________________
The Peloponnesian War
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Many other Greeks __________________________ Athens’s domination
To counter the Delian League, Sparta and other enemies of Athens created the
__________________________________________________________
o Sparta encouraged ___________________________, while Athens encouraged
___________________________
___________________: war broke out between Sparta and Athens
o Known as the Peloponnesian War
o Dragged on for 27 years
Athens faced serious geographic ___________________________________
o Athens had a powerful _____________, but Sparta was _____________________
o This means that Sparta could not be attacked __________________________, but
Sparta could very easily march northward to attack Athens by land
When Sparta invaded, Pericles had allowed people from the countryside to move inside
the city walls
o With all the overcrowding, a _______________________ broke out—killing a
__________________ of the population, including Pericles
o His successors entered a power struggle which ___________________________
the success of the democratic government
As the war dragged on, each side committed savage acts against each other
Sparta even allied itself with the ___________________________
o 404 BC: Sparta captured Athens with the help of the Persian navy
o But the Spartans ______________________________ burn down the city like
their allies, probably out of respect
The war ________________________ Athenian domination over the Greek world
o Its economy revived, but not its ____________________________________
World History
Ms. Areces
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________________________________ also suffered, as corruption and selfish ideals
began to take over
Even Sparta ________________________________ by the city-state of Thebes
Greece would continue to live in disarray and fighting until a new power from Macedonia
stood poised to conquer all the Greek city-states…