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THE PLANT WORLD
Competencies: Determines the generic
classification of plants
Video on Plant Evolution and
Classification
Guide Questions
1. Where did plants evolve from?
2. How plants are classified?
KINDS OF PLANTS ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING:
1. Size
Microscopic – cannot be seen by the unaided eye.
Example: bacteria
Macroscopic – large enough to be seen by the
naked eye.
The world’s smallest flowering
plant is the watermeal, or Wolffia
globosa. Found all over the
planet, this bright green oval
plant is about the size of a grain
of rice!
Wolffia is the smallest genus of
the aquatic plants known as
duckweeds, which are part of the
family Lemnaceae.
The conifer division of plants
include the tallest organism, and
the largest single-stemmed plants
by wood volume, wood mass, and
main stem circumference.
The largest by wood volume and
mass is the giant sequoia
(Sequoiadendron giganteum),
native to Sierra Nevada and
California; it grows to an average
height of 70–85 m (230–279 ft) and
5–7 m (16–23 ft) in diameter
The tallest flowering plant species known is
Eucalyptus regnans, of which a living specimen
has been measured at 99.6 m (327 ft) in
Southern Tasmania.
Other records among flowering plants include,
the title of largest flower, which belongs to the
species Rafflesia arnoldii.
2. Body Form
Unicellular – the simplest form with one cell.
Multicellular – numerous cell formed into
cells.
3. Mode of Reproduction
Cryptogam – non-seed bearing or flowering
plants.
Examples: fungi, algae, bryophytes, ferns
Phanerogams – seed-bearing or flowering
plants.
Groups: 1. Gymnosperms – naked seed-bearing plants
or seeds are exposed since there is no fruit.
Examples: Cycadophyta and Coniferophyta
2. Angiosperms – seeds are enclosed in an ovary that
develop into fruit. Cycadophytes are common
representatives.
Examples: Monocot and Dicot
Differences:
Plant Structure
Dicot
Monocot
2 cotyledon
1 cotyledon
netted vein
parallel
multiple of 4 and 5
3 and 5
fewer vascular bundles
numerous
tap root
fibrous root
Seed
Leaf
Flowers
Stem
Roots
4. Texture
trees – tall, woody plants with single main stem and
height exceed more than 5 ft tall.
Shrubs - semi woody semi flesh without a single main
stem and usually less than 5 feet tall
Types: scandent shrub and undershrub
herbs – soft-stemmed or non woody plants.
scandent shrub and undershrub
5. Position of Growth
Erect – upright – grow upward
Prostrate or creeping – crawl along the
surface grounds.
Climbing or Vines – those that cling the larger
objects by adaptive devices such as twinners
or thorns.
Prostrate or creeping
Climbing or Vines
6. Longevity
annuals – live in single growing season
(less than 1 year)
biennials – live in two growing season, more than a
year.
Perennials – to grow for many years. Posses a
flowering seasons –
Called monocarpic
7. Habitat
Terrestrial – live in land
Epiphytic – live in air
Aquatic – water
Parasitic – cling on other
bodies for attachment
8. Water Requirements
Hydrophytic – requires abundance of water
Halophytic – special that requires salty water.
Mesophytic – those that thrive under moderate water
supply.
Xerophytic – thrive under dry condition
9. Forms of Shoot
Excurrent – those having a single trunk tending towards a cone
shaped crown.
Deliquescent – or decurrent – greatly branching forming a
hemispherical crown.
Palmate – those with only single main trunk and leaves of
enormous sizes from tip arises.
10. Shedding of Leaves
refers to the response of the plants to the change of
season.
deciduous – leaves entirely fall at the end of their
based on regular season interval.
Evergreen – leaves fall regularly but not entirely from
season to season.
11. Power of Synthesis
Autophytic – those that can manufacture their own food
requiring only carbon dioxide and water.
Types:
Photosynthetic - derive their energy from sunlight
Chemosynthetic – obtain their energy by oxidizing certain
inorganic substances such as ammonia and hydrogen
sulfide from soil.
B. Heterophytic - other feeders
Types:
saprophytic – heteroptrophs which obtain their
nutrients from dead organic matter.
Parasitic – those that obtain their nutrients from
living organisms.
ACTIVITIES OF PLANTS
A. Vegetative Activities – those which have to do with the growth
and preservation of the individual.
Absorption – accumulation of materials via osmosis
Translocation – transferring of materials via xylem and
phloem.
Photosynthesis – process of using the energy to manufacture
food via food conversion.
Digestion – conversion of insoluble food to soluble
form.
Assimilation – transformation of non-living substance
into living protoplasm.
Respiration or Oxidation of food in order to release
energy.
Transpiration – loss of water in a form of water vapor.
B. Reproductive Activities – responsible of the propagation of
species.
formation of pollen grains by anther and ovule
Pollination to stigma of flowers.
Fertilization
Seed and fruit formation
Application:
Classify the following Plants:
1. Tamarind
2. Squash