Download Ali Vol. One, in brief

Imam Ali (a.s.), Part I
From Birth till 10th Yr. of Hijrah
By A.S. Hashim. MD
Early life
Ali is born inside the Ka'ba
Ali is raised by Muhammad (pbuh)
Ali the First Male to embrace Islam
Youthful life in Mecca
Prophet chooses Ali to be in his bed as he leaves Mecca
to go to Medina
Lineage
Grandfather
Abdul Mut’talib
Father
Abu Talib
Ali
Grandmother
Asad
Mother
Fatima
Highlights of early life
The family plays and interacts
Muhammad (pbuh) and Ali visit the poor and
disadvantaged
Muhammad (pbuh) and Ali comfort the sick
Muhammad (pbuh) teaches Ali about conditions of the
society
Asked to embrace Islam
Ten year old Ali sees Muhammad (pbuh) and Khadija
praying
Ali is asked to accept Islam, and has an agitating night
deciding
Ali embraces Islam the next morning, becoming the first
male to embrace Islam
Ali grew to manhood to be unique as none
At age 13 yrs
To Declare Islam Publicly,
Muhammad gives a Party to
his Relatives
Asking who would support
him in his task?
None volunteered except
the 13 Yr old Ali
Muhammad designates Ali
Ali as designated by
Muhammad as:
1. the brother,
2. the deputy, and
3. the one to succeed
him
At age 13 yrs
Muhammad asked in the
Party:
“Who would then uphold
me so that he becomes:
My Brother, My Deputy, and
the One to Succeed me?”
‫فأيكم يؤازرني على هذا األمر‬
:‫على أن يكون‬
‫أخي‬
ِّ ‫ووصي‬
‫وخليفتي فيكم؟‬
Ali witnesses the abuse to Muslims
The degrading treatment dealt to Muslims by Quraish
His brother, Ja’far, to leave to Abyssinia
The 3 Yr boycott, leading to death of Khadija and Abu
Talib
The Aqaba agreement to leave Mecca
In the Prophet’s bed: age 23 yrs
To leave Mecca, Muhammad asks Ali to be in his bed to
fool the would-be assassins
Ali glad to risk his life for Islam
Ali returns Muhammad’s Trust to its owners
Ali leaves Mecca to Medina on foot along with Fatima and
others
The ordeal took 2 weeks of walking
Ali welcomed by the Prophet
The Prophet, waiting, welcomes Ali
The Prophet very happy for Ali
Insists on washing Ali’s swollen feet
Feet of Ali were swollen from walking about 300 miles
The family is safe in Medina
Muhammad takes Ali as brother
During effecting Brotherhood between Ansaar and
Muhajiroon in Medina
Muhammad takes Ali as his brother
The only two Muhajiroon were Muhammad and Ali as
brothers
Muhammad fulfills the 1st point about Ali :
‫ فاسمعوا له وأطيعوا‬، ‫إن هذا أخي ووصي وخليفتي فيكم‬
First few years in Medina I
Fatima marries the 24 Yr old Ali
Ali's role in Badr Confrontation:
Outstanding
The focus and the hero
The Prophet nick-names him: Lion of Allah
Al-Hasan is born after Badr Confrontation
‫أسد هللا‬
At Badr: ‫غزوة بدر‬
The Battle of Badr, was fought March 17, 624 AD (17
Ramadan 2 AH in the Islamic calendar),
Badr was a key battle in the early days of Islam and
a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his
opponents among the Quraish in Mecca.
The battle was a decisive victory
attributable to Divine intervention, or
by secular sources to the genius of Muhammad.
It is one of the few battles specifically mentioned in the
Quran.
Location of Badr
The Site of Badr ‫بَ ْدر‬
Angel’s site
Muslim Camp
Enemy’s Passage
Artist rendering of Badr
At Badr: ‫غزوة بدر‬
 Prior to the battle, the Muslims and Meccans had fought:
several smaller skirmishes in late 623 and early 624,
the Muslim skirmishes had become more frequent.
 Badr, however was the first large-scale engagement
between the two forces.
 Advancing to a strong defensive position,
Muhammad's well-disciplined force broke the Meccan
lines,
killing several important Quraish leaders
Including Muhammad's chief antagonist, Amr ibn
Hisham (Abu Jahl).
At Badr: ‫غزوة بدر‬
 For the early Muslims:
the battle was the first sign that they might eventually
defeat their enemies in Mecca.
Mecca at that time was one of the richest and most
powerful cities in Arabia
The Meccans fielded an army three times larger than
that of the Muslims.
The Muslim victory also signaled to other tribes that
a new power had arisen in Arabia
and strengthened Muhammad’s position as leader of
the often fractious community in Medina.
Ali in Ohod
Ali's in Ohod Confrontation:
Kills nine of the enemy’s Flag
Bearers
Defends the person of the
Prophet
Repels four attacks to kill the
Prophet
The Prophet said:
Yet for a Caliber as
that of Ali, and
Yet for a sword as
that of Ali’s
‫ال فتى إال علي‬
‫وال سيف إال ذوالفقار‬
The designated archers at Ohod
Disbelievers attack from behind Ohod
Site of the battle of Ohod
Ali after Ohod
Life after Ohod: Very unsettling
Frequent attempts against the Muslims
Ali frequent participation in defense
On the average one attempt every 3 weeks
Al-Husain is Born, gives pleasure to the Prophet and the
whole family
Ali's role in the Ditch encounter
 Ali helps digging the Ditch
 Amr ibn Abd Wid crosses the Ditch
1.Amr, bragging, challenges the Muslims
2.Ali takes the challenge
3.Ali ducks all Amr’s attempts
4.Exhausted, Amr falls to the ground
5.Ali on top of Amr, Ali offers Amr Islam
6.Amr spits in the face of Ali, Ali finishes him off
 Quraish psychology is shattered
Schematics of the trench
The Trench
Ali in Khaybar
Ali, 29 Yr old, was with swollen infected eyes
Given the leadership
Overwhelm Marhab, the Jewish Hero
Severe fight, with Ali lifting a door for a shield
The main Fort surrenders in defeat
7 more Jewish forts surrender in defeat
The site of Khaybar
Castle of Khaybar which Ali conquered
Site of the door of Khaybar, which Ali lifted as a
shield
The ruins of Khaybar nowadays
Ali in Khaybar II
At Khaybar, the Prophet said:
Tomorrow I'll Give The
Leadership
To A Man Who Will Succeed By
Allah's Will
He Loves Allah And His
Messenger
And Likewise Allah And His
Messenger Love Him
ً ‫ين هذه الرايةَ غدا‬
َّ ‫عط‬
ِّ ُ ‫أل‬
ً‫ر ُجال‬
،‫يفتًح هللا على يَدَيْه‬
‫سولَه‬
ُّ ُ‫ي‬
ُ ‫هللا ور‬
َ ‫حب‬
‫ويُ ِّحبُّه هللاُ ورسولُه‬
AHLUL BAYT:
"Verily, Allah has
decreed to purify you,
O' Ahlul Bayt, and
sanctify you in a
perfect way.
Surah 33: Ayah 33.
‫عن ُك ُم‬
َّ ُ‫ِّإنَّ َما يُ ِّريد‬
َ ‫ب‬
َ ‫اَّللُ ِّليُ ْذ ِّه‬
‫ت‬
ِّ ‫س أ َ ْه َل ْالبَ ْي‬
ِّ
َ ‫الر ْج‬
ْ َ ‫ط ِّه َر ُك ْم ت‬
َ ُ‫َوي‬
‫يرا‬
ً ‫ط ِّه‬
Some Hadiths on behalf of Ali
Ali is of me and I am
of Ali, and none
delivers of me
except I and Ali
The love of Ali is faith,
and detesting him is
hypocrisy
‫ي ِّمني وأنا ِّم ْن‬
ٌ ‫عل‬
‫ وال يؤدي عنِّي‬،‫علي‬
‫إال أنا وعلي‬
ٌ
،‫إيمان‬
ُّ ‫ُح‬
ٍّ ‫ب علي‬
ٌ ‫ضهُ ِّن‬
‫فاق‬
ُ ‫وبُ ْغ‬
Hadiths on behalf of Ali
Ali is in charge of every
Mu'min, after me
The one who profanes
Ali, will have profaned
me
O' Ali, as the station of
Aaron was to Moses, So
are you to me, Except
that no Prophet will be
after me."
‫مؤمن من بعدي‬
‫ولي ك َّل‬
ٍّ
ٌ ‫عل‬
ُ ‫ي‬
‫سب عليا ً فقد سبَّـني‬
َّ ‫َمن‬
‫هارون ِّم ْن‬
‫أنت مني ب َم ْنزلَ ِّة‬
َ
َ
‫ي ِّم ْن بعدي‬
َّ ‫موسى إال أنَّه ال نب‬
Hadiths on behalf of Ali
‫أنت يا علي ت ُ ِّبي ُن ال َّمـتي ما اختلفوا فيه من بعدي‬
َ
Oh Ali, you will clarify to my Ummah
What they had differed in, after me
ْ
‫فمن أراد المدينه فاليدخل ِّم َن الباب‬
،‫ي بابها‬
ٌّ ‫أنا مدينة ال ِّع ْلم وعل‬
I am the locality of enlightenment
And Ali is its gateway
He who wants to reach this locality
Should come through this gateway
Mubaahala
 Christian Delegation Comes to Medina
 In Dialogue with Muhammad
 Discuss Religion and authenticity of Muhammad’s Call
 Quranic Revelation to challenge the Christians
 Challenge to incur the Wrath of God on the liars
Revelation says:
"THEN SAY: LET US CALL
UPON OUR CHILDREN
AND
YOUR CHILDREN, OUR
LADIES AND YOUR
LADIES,
OURSELVES AND
YOURSELVES,
THEN WE PRAY SO THAT
ALLAH'S WRATH WILL BE
UPON THOSE WHO TELL
UNTRUTH"
Surah 3: Ayah 61.
‫فَ َم ْن َحآ َّج َك ِّفي ِّه ِّمن بَ ْع ِّد َما‬
‫اءك ِّم َن ْال ِّع ْل ِّم‬
َ ‫َج‬
‫ع أ َ ْبنَاءنَا َوأ َ ْبنَاء ُك ْم‬
ُ ‫فَقُ ْل تَعَالَ ْواْ نَ ْد‬
‫سنَا‬
َ ُ‫ساء ُك ْم َوأَنف‬
َ ‫ساءنَا َو ِّن‬
َ ‫َو ِّن‬
‫س ُك ْم‬
َ ُ‫وأَنف‬
ِّ ُ‫ث ُ َّم نَ ْبت َ ِّه ْل فَن َْجعَل لَّ ْعنَة‬
‫اَّلل َعلَى‬
‫ْال َكا ِّذ ِّبين‬
Mubaahala II
 For the Challenge, Prophet Muhammad chooses Ali to
represent himself
 Thus the Prophet sees Ali as if to represent the very Self
of Muhammad
 None of the multitude and great Sahaaba was chosen
other than Ali
 This was one of the highest honors to Ali
Farewell Haj
Multitude participated
at the Farewell
Each Yr afterwards
50,000 or more
perform the Haj
Nowadays, 2-3 Million
perform the Haj
They hail from all
over the world
Ghadeer Khum
Having finished the Farewell Haj
Ali’s station being specified by the Prophet
At Ghadeer Khum: A major highway intersection between
Mecca and Medina
People are gathered, being called back
The Prophet addresses the massive crowd
Location of Ghadeer Khum
Ghadeer Khum
Mid-way between Mecca and Medina: They stop at
Ghadeer Khum. The Prophet had received a
Revelation.
Having received Ayah 67 of Surah5 saying:
َ ‫نز َل ِّإلَي َْك ِّمن َّربِّ َك َو ِّإن لَّ ْم ت َ ْفعَ ْل فَ َما بَلَّ ْغ‬
ُ ‫الر‬
َّ ‫يَا أَيُّ َها‬
َ ‫ت ِّر‬
ُ‫سالَت َهُ َواَّلل‬
ِّ ُ ‫سو ُل بَ ِّل ْغ َما أ‬
َ‫اَّلل الَ يَ ْه ِّدي ْالقَ ْو َم ْال َكا ِّف ِّرين‬
ِّ َّ‫ص ُم َك ِّمنَ الن‬
ِّ ‫يَ ْع‬
َ ‫اس ِّإ َّن‬
O' Messenger! Declare what has been sent to you, And
if you don't, Then you have not declared Allah's
message [in full], And Allah will safeguard you from
[injury by] people"
Ghadeer Khum
Following the Haj, the Prophet and multitude of others
were on their way home, including Abu Bakr and Omar.
Juhfa was an intersection between Mecca and Medina
Near Juhfa, at an oasis called Ghadeer Khum, the
Prophet delivered a speech
The Prophet stood on an elevation to be seen by the
massive crowd
He took Ali with him and raised his and Ali’s arms up
He gave a long speech, the highlight was:
Ali is Appointed as the Wali (in charge of the Ummah)
after the Prophet
The Prophet’s Speech at Ghadeer Khum
‫ي مواله اللهم وال من وااله وعاد من عاده‬
ٌ ‫من كنت مواله فهذا عل‬
‫وانصر من نصره واخذل من خذله وأدر الحق معه حيثما دار‬
O' people, whosoever I am his leader, So is Ali to
be his leader
O' lord, uphold him who upholds Ali, And antagonize him
who antagonizes Ali, And support him who supports Ali,
And impede him who impedes Ali, And let the truth be
with Ali wherever he goes
After the Speech in Ghadeer Khum
Omar came forward congratulating Ali:
‫مؤمن ومؤمنه‬
‫موالي ومولى ُكل‬
‫حت‬
َ َ‫ أصب‬،‫لك يا علي‬
َ ‫بخ‬
ٍّ
َ
ٍّ ‫بخ‬
ٍّ
Congratulations, congratulations, O' Ali!
You have become my leader And the
leader of every believer, man or woman.
Abu Bakr did likewise
The multitude of others came to congratulate Ali
before heading home
Ghadeer Khum
When done, Ayah of Fulfillment was
revealed, Allah said in Surah 5: Ayah 3.
ُ ‫ت لَ ُك ْم ِّدينَ ُك ْم َوأَتْ َم ْم‬
ُ ‫ْاليَ ْو َم أ َ ْك َم ْل‬
‫علَ ْي ُك ْم نِّ ْع َمتِّي‬
َ ‫ت‬
ُ ‫ض‬
‫اإل ْسالَ َم ِّدينًا‬
ِّ ‫َو َر‬
ِّ ‫يت لَ ُك ُم‬
This day, I have perfected to you your faith, And
completed my blessings upon you, And I have
chosen for you Al-Islam as Your religion
Ghadeer Khum Nowadays
Dispersing from Ghadeer Khum
Some Hadiths about Ahlul Bayt
I am leaving to you two precious
matters,
By conforming to them You will
never go astray: [they are]
The book of Allah and
My family, Ahlul Bayt
The Prophet said to Ali:
(O' Ali) You will fight against
matters of Its misinterpretation
(the Quran), Just as you had
fought on the side of its
disclosure."
ٌ
‫ ما‬،‫تارك فيكم الثقـلين‬
‫إني‬
ْ
‫ســكتم بهما لَن‬
َّ ‫إن ت َ َم‬
‫ضلُّوا بعدي‬
َ
ِّ ََ ‫ت‬
‫كتاب هللا و ِّعتْ َرتي‬
:‫أبدا‬
ُ
‫أه َل بيتي‬
‫س ْوف تقاتل على تأويله كما‬
َ
‫قاتلت على تنزيله‬
At the death bed of the Prophet
At the sick bed of the Prophet:
Omar was among those in the room. Upon hearing that
the Prophet had requested someone to write a Will for
him, Omar hastily commanded:
َّ
‫ وعندنا كتاب هللا َح ْسبُنا‬،‫إن النبي غلبه الوجع‬
Allah's Messenger is overwhelmed by his sickness:
Suffice it we have Allah's book with us.
The Prophet dismissed everyone from his room
Thus a Will was effectively prevented
Death of the Prophet
With the Death of the Prophet, Ali in Great Grief
Ali prepares the body for burial
Abu Bakr, along with Omar and others go to a
meeting at Saqeefa
Lots of argument take place at Saqifa
Omar nominates Abu Bakr, and so Abu Bakr
was chosen in this hustle and bustle
Abu Bakr announces his Khilaafah in the Masjid
After the Prophet
Ali hears (too late) that Abu Bakr was the
Khalifa
Ali thought Khilaafah was his according to
Ghadeer Pronouncement of the Prophet
Ali at first objected to Khilaafah of Abu Bakr
along with many Sahaaba
Fatima is prevented from her inheritance of
Fadak
Fatima argues in the Masjid and is in angry
Finally Let us Read Surah al-Asr Together
In the name of God: Lord of Mercy and Lord of
Grace
By the Eons of Time,
Verily Man is in loss, except:
those who believe and do good, and enjoin
one another to truth and enjoin one another
to patience.
‫ص ِّر‬
ْ ‫َو ْال َع‬
‫سانَ لَ ِّفي ُخ ْس ٍّر‬
َ ‫اإل ْن‬
ِّ ْ ‫ِّإ َّن‬
‫ص ْوا‬
ِّ ‫صا ِّل َحا‬
َّ ‫ع ِّملُوا ال‬
َ ‫ِّإ َّال الَّذِّينَ آ َمنُوا َو‬
َ ‫ت َوتَ َوا‬
‫ص ْب ِّر‬
َّ ‫ص ْوا ِّبال‬
َ ‫ق َوتَ َوا‬
ِّ ‫ِّب ْال َح‬
Be in Allah’s Care
Thank you and May God Bless you.
Dr. A.S. Hashim