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The Third Infallible The First Imam, `Ali Ibn Abi Talib - Al
The Third Infallible The First Imam, `Ali Ibn Abi Talib - Al

... and proved it in the battlefield at Karbala'. ...
The Third Infallible The First Imam, `Ali Ibn Abi Talib - Al
The Third Infallible The First Imam, `Ali Ibn Abi Talib - Al

... personified loyalty and bravery and proved it in the battlefield at Karbala'. ...
[edit] Death of Husain ibn Ali
[edit] Death of Husain ibn Ali

... Umar ibn Sa'ad received an order from Ibn Ziyad to start the battle immediately and not to postpone it further. The army started advancing toward Husain's camp on the afternoon of Muharram 9th. At this point Husain sent Abbas ibn Ali to ask Ibn Sa'ad to wait until the next morning, so that he and hi ...
Succession to the caliphate in early Islam - PDXScholar
Succession to the caliphate in early Islam - PDXScholar

... They approved the orthodox Caliphate as well as the ...
1st Imam - Ali ibn abi Talib(A.S.)
1st Imam - Ali ibn abi Talib(A.S.)

... personified loyalty and bravery and proved it in the battlefield at Karbala'. Death: In the 40th year of Hijrah, in the small hours of the morning of 19th Ramadan, 'Ali was struck with a poisoned sword by a Kharijite while offering his prayers in the mosque of Kufah. (See photo on p. 56) The Lion of ...
Ali Vol. One, in brief
Ali Vol. One, in brief

... defeat their enemies in Mecca. Mecca at that time was one of the richest and most powerful cities in Arabia The Meccans fielded an army three times larger than that of the Muslims. The Muslim victory also signaled to other tribes that a new power had arisen in Arabia and strengthened Muhammad’s ...
Ali Ibn Abi Talib - It Is Time to know Muhammad
Ali Ibn Abi Talib - It Is Time to know Muhammad

... The reign of Ali was notably marked by the occurrence of ordeals and troubles among Muslims. A careful reading in Islamic history revealed that the main cause of those troubles were the Sabites party, supported by fled slaves and village dwellers. Their leader Abdullah Ibn Saba' was a jew but pretend ...
The Journey of Caliphate from 632 to 1924
The Journey of Caliphate from 632 to 1924

... ibn Ubadah of Ansar and Ali of Hashemite wanted to took the title, they did not furnish ayahs or hadith as counterproof. Hence, not a given dogma, but presence of a quality to ensure unity in Muslim society was influential in assignment of Rashidun. In the wake of assassination of Ali, his son Hasan ...
Ali: His Khilaafah - Islamicbooks.info
Ali: His Khilaafah - Islamicbooks.info

... The refusal of the largest bloc in Ali's army to fight was the decisive factor in his acceptance of the arbitration. The question as to whether the arbiter would represent Ali or the Kufans caused a further split in Ali's army. Ash'ath ibn Qays (Mu’awiya surrogate) and some others rejected Ali's nom ...
Ali: Legacy and Point of View
Ali: Legacy and Point of View

... He died a martyr of his greatness, He died while prayer was between his two lips. The Arabs did not realize his value until appeared among their Persian neighbors some who knew the difference between gems and gravels." ...
Abbasid Caliphate
Abbasid Caliphate

... • The caliph Umar prohibited Arabs from assuming ownership of conquered lands • In order to serve in the army, and receive pay, soldiers needed to live in military camps • Kept the armies together, ready for action • Preserved life in the countryside • A small number of Arabs ruled of a vastly large ...
Ali and Mu`awiya
Ali and Mu`awiya

... • Fighting soon broke out again • During late 39AH – early 40AH, Mu`awiya sent a strong force under one Busr ibn Abi Artah to raid Arabia ...
The Effective Reasons for the Rise and fall of Abbasids State
The Effective Reasons for the Rise and fall of Abbasids State

... Abbasids could provide one of the most important political developments in the history of Islam through security and taking advantages of the communication situations in Hamimeh (Yaghoobi, 1987, 2 / 125-126; Dhahabi, 1987, 1 / 89-90). It should be noted that there was a dispute over the presidency o ...
The Highway of the Practices of the Prophet [The Imamate question
The Highway of the Practices of the Prophet [The Imamate question

... disputed by the Shi‘ites and the Sunnis and has been magnified to such an extent that it has been included in the books on doctrine, among the fundamentals of belief.17 The Sunnis say: “‘Ali (May God be pleased with him) was the fourth of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs. Abu Bakr the Veracious (May God b ...
Ali Ibn Abu Talib, the Fourth Caliph
Ali Ibn Abu Talib, the Fourth Caliph

... armies encamped themselves at Siffin for more than one hundred days, most of the time being spent in negotiations. Skirmishes between the parties led to the Battle of Siffin in 657. The two armies finally agreed to settle the matter of who should be Caliph by arbitration. Some of Ali's supporters, l ...
Al Chalaffa El Rashdun
Al Chalaffa El Rashdun

... revolted against Umayyad were unhappy, pro-Shiite and even suppressed Sunnis. The Abbasids were smart in turning to all people in society regardless of the religious differences. A charismatic leader was needed to replace Ali. The Abbasid used the Shiites to get into power but later dumped them. Man ...
The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization The
The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization The

05.Wikipedia - List.of.articles.on
05.Wikipedia - List.of.articles.on

... o 5.2 Selection of the leader  6 Famous caliphs  7 See also  8 Notes  9 References  10 Further reading  11 External links History[edit] The caliph was often known as Amir al-Mu'minin (Arabic: ‫نرمم ؤملا ريمأ‬ "Commander of the Believers"). Muhammad established his capital in Medina; after he d ...
Spread of Islam
Spread of Islam

... •As early as the 800s, Abbasid political power weakened. By the 900s, a number of small, independent states broke away from the caliphate. ...
The Origins of the Sunni/Shia split in Islam
The Origins of the Sunni/Shia split in Islam

... them. Ali was forced to seek a compromise with Mu'awiya, but this so shocked some of his die-hard supporters who regarded it as a betrayal that he was struck down by one of his own men in 661. Mu'awiya declared himself caliph. Ali's elder son Hassan accepted a pension in return for not pursuing his ...
The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic
The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic

... sect that only recognized the first five Imams and could trace its roots to Muhammad's daughter Fatima took control of Idrisi and then Aghlabid domains. This group advanced to Egypt in 969, establishing their capital near Fustat in Cairo, which they built as a bastion of Shi'a learning and politics. ...
AP WORLD: POST CLASSICAL
AP WORLD: POST CLASSICAL

... (C) objected to the violence and social strife, which befell the Abbasid world. (D) led religious wars against Christians in Europe and the Middle East. (E) attempted to blend Islam with Judaism and Christianity. 8. The Abbasid reign ended when (A) Mongol soldiers sacked Baghdad. (B) the Seljuk Turk ...
Role and History of the Caliphate
Role and History of the Caliphate

... The term caliphate (from the Arabic ‫ خ الف ة‬or khilāfa) refers to the first system of governance established in Islam, and represented the political authority and unity of the Muslim Ummah. It was initially led by Muhammad's disciples as a continuation of the political authority the prophet establ ...
Spread of Islam and Muslim Rule
Spread of Islam and Muslim Rule

... companions of the Prophet, and are called the Rightly Guided (Rashidun) Caliphate  However, since Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, some people believed his family relation made him the rightful choice for Caliph from the start  They were known as Shiat Ali, the Supporters of Ali ...
Rebellion - Princeton University Press
Rebellion - Princeton University Press

... humankind. Among these prophets are messengers who bring new versions of God’s laws, and thus new religions. Razi wrote that the prophets who communicate God’s laws should be invested with political authority. He also argued that prophets are infallible, although he admitted that they could commit m ...
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Zanj Rebellion



The Zanj Rebellion or the Negro Rebellion was the culmination of series of small revolts. It took place near the city of Basra, located in present-day southern Iraq, over a period of fifteen years (AD 869–883). The insurrection is believed to have involved enslaved Bantus (Zanj) that had originally been captured from the African Great Lakes region and areas further south in East Africa.> It grew to involve many slaves and free men who were imported from across the Muslim empire and claimed over ""tens of thousands of lives in lower Iraq"". The precise composition of the rebels is debated among historians, both as regards their identity and as to the proportion of slaves and free among them – available historical sources being open to various interpretations. The revolt was said to have been led by Ali bin Muhammad, who claimed to be a descendant of Caliph Ali ibn Abu Talib. Several historians, such as al-Tabari and al-Masudi, consider this revolt one of the ""most vicious and brutal uprisings"" of the many disturbances that plagued the Abbasid central government.The Zanj Revolt helped Ahmad ibn Tulun to create an independent state in Egypt. It is only after defeating the Zanj Revolt that the Abbasids were able to turn their attention to Egypt and end the Tulunid dynasty with great destruction.
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