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The Renaissance in Europe: Or How We Got to Now The Middle Ages in Europe The period of roughly 1000 years Between the fall of the Roman Empire and its great civilization (based in Italy) around 470 CE… …and the Renaissance (based in Italy) around 1450 CE During the Middle Ages, Europe was dominated by the Catholic Church, which was ruled by the Pope, in Rome, Italy. The Middle Ages is also known as the Medieval Period, or sometimes, The Dark Ages The Renaissance Starts in Italy for Two Important Reasons As an independent center of trade, Italy developed a unique political structure, the city state, that empowered and enriched ordinary people (“common man”). Italy’s Roman history, which was in evidence all over the country, reawakened interest in nonChristian (secular) ideas, called “humanism” Major Cities in Afroeurasia in 1200 CE The Medieval Feudal System • Lords (noble people) own the land , granted to them by a king • Knights defend the lord’s manor (farm) in return for the lord’s support • Peasants (“serfs”) work the land for the lords; they belong to the land and to the lord • Land and power are inherited • Territory/Farming The Renaissance City-State (“Republic”) • Wealthy business men (common people) run the town • Citizens hire soldiers to defend their city • People work at a variety of trades, for themselves and others; they are free to come and go • Power and wealth come from success in trade & business • Money/Business Republics (“City States”) A republic is a state in which power is held by the people of that state, not by a king or emperor. Italy gave birth to some of the first republics The Renaissance was born in the republics of Italy The Medici of Florence, Italy The First Renaissance Family • The House of Medici was an Italian merchant family that got rich through trading wool cloth. • They established the Medici Bank, the largest bank in Europe during the 15th century (1400s). • Through their wealth, they gained political power and became the ruling family of Florence, later dominating Rome and then Europe. Cosimo de Medici 1389-1464 Piero de Medici 1416-1469 Lorenzo, “Il Magnifico” 1449-1492 Medici Family House in Town Medici Family House in the Country The Iliad Room in the Country House Tomb of Lorenzo de Medici by Michelangelo The Renaissance Starts in Italy for Two Important Reasons As an independent center of trade, Italy developed a unique political structure, the republic (city state), that empowered and enriched ordinary people (“common man”). Italy’s Roman history, which was in evidence all over the country, reawakened interest in nonChristian (secular) ideas, called “humanism” Roman Forum Roman Aquaduct First Emperor of Rome: Augustus The New Thinking: “Humanism” • An shift in interest from the divine (God) to the human PLUS • The rediscovery of the art, literature, philosophy and science of ancient (preChristian) Rome and Greece Duccio, 1289 Raphael, 1505 Lorenzo de Medici Greek Politician, Pericles A Medieval Knight as Christian Lorenzo’s Father Augustus Caesar, as a Roman emperor an actual Roman emperor The “Renaissance Man” Great wealth and new interest in the preChristian the art and science of ancient Greece and Rome… Led to wealth families supporting learning and the arts, producing geniuses and innovators with many talents… The Renaissance Man Michelangelo, Painter Michelangelo, sculptor Michelangelo, Architect Michelangelo, Poet Da Vinci, the Artist Da Vinci, the Inventor Da Vinci, Architect Da Vinci, Scientist Rise of European Nations Reaction to the Catholic Church Scientific Revolution The Enlightenment