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Notes for the Test Word Pangaea Definition Pangaea is the name given to the single landmass also known as “supercontinent” that was present 200 million years ago Continental Drift continents were once part of a single landmass that broke apart and have moved to their present locations. Lithosphere The crust and part of the upper mantle is called lithosphere Plate Tectonics The Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called plates. Plates move around on top of the mantle like rafts Plate Boundaries Convergent Definition Convergent Boundary – Boundaries between two plates that are colliding Divergent Divergent Boundary - Boundary between two plates that are moving apart or rifting RIFTING causes SEAFLOOR SPREADING/ CREATING Transform Transform Fault Boundary Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other EARTHQUAKES along faults Crustal Features Volcanoes Islands Trenches Mountains • Mid-ocean ridges (they are like mountains in the ocean) • Rift valleys Faults Earthquakes Tsunami Different types of Convergent Boundary – 1. Continent-continent collision 2. Continent-ocean collision (Subduction) 3. Ocean-ocean collision (Seafloor Destruction) Volcanoes Trenches or deep sea trenches which can result in the formation of islands Mountains Notes for the Test Topographic Map A topographic map is a map that represents natural features of the land. It uses contour lines to show changes in elevation. Contour lines: tell us the elevation, or height from sea level. Contour interval: the distance represented between each contour line Index contour: a bold contour line that we can reference and count from If contour lines are closer together, the slope of the land is steep. If they are far apart, the slope of the land is gradual or flat. Steps for solving number 5 – 1. Calculate the difference between the two contours elevations: 180-90=90 2. Calculate the total number of contour intervals between 90 and 180. There are 3 contour intervals. 3. Divide the difference (90) with the number of contour intervals (3): 90/3 = 30. 4. The contour interval is 30.