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The Respiratory System
Organ Systems
Why is this system so important?
• Cells need oxygen to survive
• We obtain oxygen by breathing.
• We rid waste such as carbon dioxide.
The basics…
• Inhalation: breathing in
• Exhalation: breathing out
• What do we breathe in?
• What do we breathe out?
• Respiration: exchange of gases (oxygen and
carbon dioxide) through the body.
Mouth and Nose
• Brings air into the body
• Nasal hairs and mucous in nostrils and mouth
trap dust and prevents bacteria/pollen from
entering the body.
• Will moisten and warm the air too.
Pharynx
• Tube-like
passageway
used by food, liquid, and
air.
• At the lower end of the
pharynx is a flap of tissue
called the epiglottis
(covers the trachea during
swallowing so that food
does not enter the lungs)
Trachea
• Connects the nose/mouth to the lungs directly.
• It is made of cartilage and will not collapse.
• Lined with more mucous and little hairs (cilia).
Lungs (yes, we have 2 of them!)
• It is inside your lungs where
oxygen enters the blood
stream and carbon dioxide is
ready to be exhaled.
• The lungs can be further
broken up into smaller
detail…
Bronchi (2 bronchus)
• Every human has two
bronchus (plural bronchi)
– one for each lung.
• The bronchi are like tree
trunks that further branch
out to form bronchioles.
Bronchioles
• Bronchioles are the
smaller branches that
come from the bronchi.
• They are directly
attached to air sacs
called alveoli.
Alveoli
• This is where oxygen enters the
blood stream and where carbon
dioxides leaves it.
• It is through a process called
diffusion in which oxygen will
diffuse into the blood (arteries)
around the alveoli after inhalation.
• Carbon dioxide will diffuse out of
the blood (veins) and back into the
alveoli ready to be exhaled.
Inhalation involves…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mouth/nose
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi (left bronchus or right bronchus)
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Blood stream
Exhalation involves…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Blood stream
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Bronchi
Trachea
Pharynx
Mouth/nose
Diaphragm
• This is a muscle that
assists with
breathing.
• When it contracts,
you ….. (inhale/exhale)
• When it relaxes, you
……. (inhale/exhale)
Let’s make a lung!
1.
Cut the base from your plastic bottle.
2. Cut the neck off of one of your balloons. Stretch the balloon to fit over
the open bottom of your plastic bottle. Tape the balloon to the sides of the
bottle.
3. Insert the plastic straw into the other balloon. Wrap the rubber band
around the neck of the balloon, securing the straw in place.
4.
Roll your plasticine into a small ball, approximately two inches in
diameter. Make a hole in the centre using a pen or pencil and push the straw
through the hole. Insert the straw so that it extends at least 5-10 cm above
the plasticine. Press the plasticine around the straw to seal out gaps and air.
5. Place the balloon end of the straw into the top of the water bottle. Use
the plasticine to seal the opening. To watch your model in action, pull down
and
release
the
balloon
at
the
base
of
the
bottle.
Your homework question…
• What are some things that can affect the
respiratory system?
• Thing about everyday activities, food, drinks,
medication, drugs etc…
Asthma
• Asthma is quite
common
in
Australia.
• It is caused by
something
in
our
environment.
• It makes the
bronchi
and
bronchioles
swell up making
it harder for air
to pass.
• Asthma attacks
can
be
supported
by
drugs such as
Ventolin
that
relaxes
the
airways.
Smoking
• Smoking involves breathing in toxic chemicals and tar
into your lungs.
• The tar is like honey and will cover the inside of the
alveoli – this stops air gas from entering and exiting
the bloodstream.
• The toxic chemicals in the smoke kill cells, destroying
the alveoli and travel into the blood causing more
damage throughout the body.
• Emphysema is a disease that results from damaged
alveoli.