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The Respiratory System Functions of the Respiratory System • Breathing – The movement of the chest that brings air into the lungs and removes waste gas • Respiration – The exchange of oxygen (02) and carbon dioxide (CO2) that takes place in the tissues of the body Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy Oxygen is needed to release energy from glucose to be used by the body! Respiratory System Organs • Air enters the body through the nostrils and the mouth. – Hairs in the nostrils trap dust from the air. • Air then goes into the nasal cavity (and oral cavity) where it is moistened and warmed. – Sticky mucus is produced in the nasal cavity that traps pollen, dust and other irritants • Cilia are tiny, hair-like structures that sweep mucus and trapped materials to the back of the throat to be swallowed. • Materials trapped in the mouth are also swallowed and sent to the digestive system Boogers!!!!! More Respiratory Organs • Air then travels to the Pharynx, which is a tubelike passageway used by food, liquids and air. • The epiglottis is a flap at the lower end of the pharynx that prevents food and liquids from entering the airway. • Air next moves through the larynx, which is the airway that leads to the vocal cords, and is also often called the voice-box • Air then moves through the trachea, which is a tube lined with mucus membranes that trap dust, bacteria and pollen. And Into the Lungs! • From lower end of the trachea, air moves through the bronchi which are two short tubes branching out into the lungs. • Inside the lungs, the bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles. • Bronchi and bronchioles are known collectively as bronchial tubes! Inside the lungs! • Attached to the bronchioles are alveoli, which are tiny, thin-walled sacs that are surrounded by capillaries. • The lungs are masses of alveoli arranged in grapelike clusters Exchange of gases • The walls of the capillaries and alveoli are only one cell thick • Oxygen moves through the alveoli walls, then through the capillary walls and into the blood • Then the oxygen is picked up by hemoglobin in the RBC and carried to the body. • Carbon Dioxide and other waste gases first move through the capillary walls and then through the alveoli walls and are exhaled out of the body. Breathing • Inhaling and exhaling • Partly due to changes in air pressure. • Diaphragm – a muscle beneath you lungs that contracts and relaxes to help move gases into and out of the lungs. Pathway of Oxygen and CO2 through the Body → Nostrils and mouth → nasal and oral cavities → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli → capillaries → pulmonary vein → heart → arteries → capillaries → body tissues (cellular respiration) → capillaries → veins → heart → pulmonary artery → capillaries → alveoli → bronchioles → bronchi → trachea → larynx → pharynx → nasal and oral cavities → nostrils and mouth →