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Propaganda Techniques ELAGSE8W1: Argumentative Writing ELAGSE8W9: Draw conclusions (HOT) Modern World History, by Dan McDowell. Teaching Point, ©2004 Additional Material by Robert W. Oliver Warm Up • What is propaganda? Answer in 1 or 2 complete sentences on your own paper. • Keep the paper for discussion notes & as a ticket out the door. What is propaganda? • Propaganda is a form of communication, often biased or misleading in nature, aimed towards influencing the attitude of a population toward some cause, position or political agenda. • Propaganda is information that is not impartial. • Propaganda often omits key facts or information. Bandwagon • Hop on the bandwagon or else you don’t fit in. Everyone is doing it, so you should too. This technique is contrived peer pressure – no one wants to be left out or behind. Bandwagon • Turn to Jesus or burn in Hell Bandwagon Bandwagon Bandwagon Testimonial • A celebrity or expert who endorses a product, candidate, or idea. Think about all of the commercials with celebrities. The celebrity may not always be qualified to speak on the subject. Testimonial If the President of the United States wears this jacket, it must be good enough for me. Daniel Craig as James Bond 007 The time shown is 10:07. Get it? Plain Folks • This technique has a person or cause being associated with regular people. Candidates who are just like you – they put their pants on one leg at a time, too. Plain Folks President Obama and Vice President Biden eat at diners, just like real people do! Plain Folks Plain Folks Transfer Fear-Based Propaganda • Fear-based propaganda involves warning people that disaster will result if they do not follow a particular course of action. Fear Propaganda, Hitler style • "The streets of our country are in turmoil. The universities are filled with students rebelling and rioting. Communists are seeking to destroy our country. Russia is threatening us with her might, and the Republic is in danger. Yes - danger from within and without. We need law and order! Without it our nation cannot survive." Adolf Hitler, 1932 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNKRDP4UD1Y&safety_mode=true&p ersist_safety_mode=1 FEAR PROPAGANDA: HOMELAND SECURITY VIDEO Logical Fallacies Glittering Generalities • Use of words and images that are generally favorable to everyone, including liberty, democracy, freedom, love, and civilization. • It associates a person, idea, or group with a positive feeling, but no direct evidence. • Problem: all of these words mean different things to different people. Glittering Generalities Example Glittering Generalities Example Glittering Generalities Glittering Generalities Religion as the victim Name-Calling/Stereotyping • This technique links a person or idea to a negative image. • It’s also called stereotyping. • Association with this negative symbol will cause the viewer to reject it outright. • This is the opposite of glittering generalities. Name Calling Name Calling Name-Calling Name-Calling "The Jew: The inciter of war, the prolonger of war." Black and White • Black and White - Presents an issue as having only two choices, and they’re both evil. If you don’t like one choice, you must choose the other. • Also known as the lesser of two evils. Lesser of Two Evils Black and White: Memes • Memes are a recent form of propaganda. • They are influential because they – Take a complex problem and reduce it to an overly simplified statement – Present the statement in such a way that you’re almost forced to agree with it Condescending Wonka Meme Black and White: Meme Black and White: Meme OTHER PROPAGANDA TYPES Assertion • Assertion is commonly used in advertising and modern propaganda. • An assertion is a statement presented as a fact, although it is not necessarily true. Assertion Example • The American people were told in 2002 that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). This was the reason for going to war. • These weapons were thought to be nuclear, biological, and chemical. • In fact, no such weapons were ever found. Card Stacking • Card stacking is leaving out what you don’t want people to know. • It is dangerous because it leaves out important information. Quran burning after air strike by the Israeli Air Force Toy in wreckage Credits • American Propaganda Posters courtesy of Northwestern University Library (http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/ wwii-posters/index.html) • German Propaganda Posters courtesy of German Propaganda Archive (http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/) • * Techniques courtesy of Bryan Ross, West Hills High School.