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Pre-Requisite Modules code(s) CoRequisite Modules code(s) Computer Technology 1 ECTS Credits Module Code Computer Technology 2 10 8.2.2 Computer Technology 2 Module Author Ken O’Brien, Ciarán O’Leary Module Description This module develops the learner’s understanding of computer systems by introducing them to the theory associated with the study of operating systems, and providing them with the practical skills to perform effective system administration. As such, this is a module which is balanced between the theoretical and the practical. An important outcome of this module is the learner’s ability to write shell scripts. Module Aims The aims of this module are to: • Enable the learner to understand the basic operation and functions of modern operating systems, particularly general purpose operating systems, in order that the student can understand the abstraction layer between application and utility software and the hardware. • Provide the learner with the expertise to, troubleshoot, assess, and optimise the performance of a server, or to use the security features offered by a particular operating system in a manner appropriate to users' needs, regulatory requirements, or company policies. • Equip the student with a sufficient understanding of the architecture of computer systems to support systems administration activities. • Give hands on practice of applying systems administration techniques. Learning Outcomes On completion of this module, the successful learner will be able to: 1. Write scripts using one or more shell scripting languages. 2. Enumerate, describe, and differentiate between a number of different computer operating systems 3. Describe how a modern general-purpose operating system typically manages memory, processes and threads 4. Explain the concepts of concurrency and parallelism 56 Pre-Requisite Modules code(s) CoRequisite Modules code(s) Computer Technology 1 ECTS Credits Module Code Computer Technology 2 10 5. Enumerate, explain, and differentiate between different mechanisms of interprocess communication and synchronisation 6. Analyse the architecture of a computer system and understand the significance of different architectural features and their affect on system administration. 7. Perform basic and common system administration operations 8. Develop further appreciation of the protocols and policies of system administration Learning and Teaching Methods This module will be taught through a combination of lecture, practical lab-based sessions, self-study, tutorials, and any combination of discussion, case studies, problemsolving exercises, readings, seminars, and computer-based learning. Module content Shell commands and Shell Scripting Processes: Process states, context, and control, Scheduling algorithms: Round-robin, priority queues Memory Management and Virtual Memory: Evolution of virtual memory: overlays, swapping, paging, segmentation, internal and external fragmentation, Microprocessor support via page faults, Memory protection File Management: Filesystem internal structures: inode-based, FAT, etc., Filesystem features: ACLs, journals, Filesystem comparisons: UFS, NTFS, ext3, ISO-9660, FAT Interprocess Communication: Semaphores, Message Queues and Mailslots, Pipes, Sockets, Signals Concurrency: Deadlock synchronization primitives and starvation, prevention, avoidance, detection, Kernel architecture: Monolithic kernel (e.g. Linux), Microkernels (e.g. Mach), Hybrid kernels (e.g. Microsoft Windows NT or later) Essential Tasks of the System Administrator: Adding and Removing Users. Adding and Removing Hardware. Performing Backups. Installing New Software. Monitoring the System. Managing system resources - CPU, memory, disk I/O disk space. Troubleshooting. Maintaining Local Documentation. Security. Contingency planning, disaster recovery. Helping Users. 57 Pre-Requisite Modules code(s) CoRequisite Modules code(s) Computer Technology 1 ECTS Credits Module Code Computer Technology 2 10 Controlling Processes: Components of a Process. PID: Process ID Number. PPID: Parent PID. UID and EUID: Real and Effective User ID. GID and EGID: Real and Effective Group ID. Niceness. Control Terminal. The Life Cycle of a Process. Signals. Kill: Send Signals. Process States. Nice and Renice: Influence Scheduling Priority. Ps: Monitor Processes. Top: Monitor Processes Even Better. Runaway Processes. The Filesystem: Pathnames. Mounting and Unmounting Filesystems. The Organization of the File Tree. File Types. Regular Files. Directories. Network Configuration: Configuring clients on IP networks. Static IP, DHCP, Bootp, DNS client configuration. Module Assessment The methods of assessment to be used to measure the learning objectives stated above are written examination and continuous assessment including one or more of assignment, essay, problem-solving exercise, oral presentation, and class or lab tests. Marks will be allocated as follows • Continuous Assessment (30%) • Written Exam (70%) Essential Reading William Stallings, Operating Systems, 4th ed.; Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ Linux System Administration Guide, Wirzenius and Oja. (Free Book), Linux Documentation Supplemental Reading Relevant supplemental references will be indicated during the teaching of the module. Web references, journals and other Relevant web references and journals will be indicated during the teaching of the module. 58