Download World War II

World War Two
World War II
The Short Version
October 1933 - Hitler pulls
Germany out of League of
Nations
March 1935 – Hitler
denounces clauses of
Versailles Treaty that limits
German arms
Hitler expands military
shows tanks
Luftwaffe
builds ships
draft
Ethiopia
• October 3, 1935 Italy (Mussolini)
Ethiopia
attacks
• May 9, 1935 Italy annexes Ethiopia
• Resistance under Haile Selassie continues
throughout the War
The West does nothing
England worried an embargo would
start a general war
France does not want to alienate
Mussolini since they see him as a
possible ally against Hitler
Rhineland
• March 7, 1936 Nazi Germany Rearms
the Rhineland
• Against the provisions of the Treaty of
Versailles
• Germany still weak, German generals
warn against it-Hitler tells them to
retreat if France makes a move
France will do nothing without British
support
England back to Splendid Isolation
Hitler takes from this:
*Leaders of the West are
weak
*He was right and the
generals are wrong
Spain
• Civil War breaks out July 17,
1936
• Fascist troops led
Generalissimo Francisco
Franco are supported by Italy
and Nazi Germany
• Government supported by
moderates and the left
April 26, 1937 Guernica bombed the
German Condor Legion
Guernica - Pablo Picasso
2nd Sino-Japanese War
• Marco Polo Bridge- Beijing July 7, 1937
• Bombing of Shanghai August 13, 1937
• Invasion of Shanghai
• Rape of Nanking
Rape of Nanking
December 1937
About 300,000 civilians killed
90,000 POW’s
Anschluss
• March 12, 1938
• Union with Austria
• Dr. Kurt von Schuschnigg
• Replaced by Dr. Arthur Seyss-Inquart
• Austria taken without a shot
• Schuschnigg arrested, taken to camps
German army crosses border
Sets Hitler’s pattern for taking territory
1. Complain about German minority
getting discriminated against
2. Has local Nazi party cause unrest
3. Says government must restore
calm or he will
4. Threaten leader
5. After take over announce that is the
last territorial claim
6. The army moves in
7. Following the army comes the
S.S. with lists of individuals to
arrest or shoot
Munich Pact
• Hitler demands the unification
of all Germanic people.
• Wants Sudetenland which was part
of Germany and Austria
Chamberlain
meets Hitler
Sudetenland in
Czechoslovakia given to
Germany by Neville
Chamberlain
Appeasement
Why do leaders in the
West follow policy of
appeasement?
France:
Suffered great human and
material losses during WWI
Have neither military or
moral strength to fight
again
England:
Cut defense spending in the
20’s and early 30’s to pay
for social programs
Not strong enough to fight
Many people feel Germany is correct
about the harshness of the Versailles
Treaty
Some see Hitler as a champion
against communism
Many feel they can deal with Hitler
Thinking based on:
•There must be a limit to what he
wants
•No rational person wants to have a
war
Czechoslovakia
• March 15, 1939
• Nazi Germany invades the rest of
Czechoslovakia
• Violates the Munich Pact
West begins to realize Hitler may
not be telling the truth
Decide to support Poland
Problem?
No common border, can only help
by invading Germany if war comes
Stalin worried about Hitler
•Hitler’s talks about destroying
Bolshevism and finding Lebensraum
to the East
Tries to work a deal with France and
England
France afraid it will make Hitler
mad
England uninterested and feels
Commies are a bigger threat
than Hitler
Stalin decides the
only way to deal
Hitler is to deal with
Hitler
Non-Aggression pact with the Soviet
Union signed August 23, 1939
What does each side want this?
Hitler will not have to fight a two front
was like Germany did in WWI
Stalin gets time to modernize his
army and rebuild the officer corps
after the Purge
What are the terms?
Poland is divided between the two
powers
Stalin gets the Baltic States
Agree to trade
Poland
• September 1, 1939
• Blitzkrieg attack on Poland
• Starts World War II in Europe
Junker 87
Stuka
Total War
War not just on soldiers
Also on civilians and
economy
Warsaw
Stalin invades Finland to get buffer
space around Leningrad
Leningrad
With nothing happening in the
West over the winter, people
begin to call it the Phony War
Hitler invades
Norway in April
1940
France
• May 10, 1940
• Nazi Germany invades France and
the Low Countries
• June 22, 1940 France Surrenders
Both French and British
troops fall back
What should the British
do?
•Stay with French troops
and fall back towards Paris
•Retreat toward the
Channel
British decide to try to
save the army and head
for Dunkirk
Germans stop outside of
Dunkirk –why?
*wanted to allow British to
ask for peace
*tanks need rest & repair
*bad tank country
Goering
tells Hitler
Luftwaffe
will destroy
British
British organize Operation
Dynamo – the evacuation
of the British Army
British need ships that can
get close to shore
700 tugs, yachts, steamers,
barges, fishing ships and
anything else that floats
May 27 – June 3
Get 338,226 back to
England
Results
*save army but lose heavy
equipment
*French upset - feel
abandoned
Germans continue on to
Paris
France surrenders
Hitler and
Speer
Surrender states:
•All French POWs stay
captive
•France pays for German
occupation
•All Jews to be handed over
Occupied
France
Vichy
Vichy
Petain is the head of Vichy
Milice-French Gestapo
Used to round up Jews and
resistance leaders
Battle of Britain
• Air and sea battle
• Germany plans Operation Sealion
• Britain defeats German Luftwaffe
• Britain not invaded
German advantages:
*MORE!!!!
Disadvantages:
*Luftwaffe designed for
ground support not air
superiority
*Hitler & Goering
Disadvantages:
•Distance
- German fighter only 10
minutes over London
- if damaged must bail out
over England or Channel
Spitfire
Hawker
Hurricane
Me 109
Ju-87 Stuka
Me 110 fighter-bomber
He 111
Ju-88
Why does Germany lose?
Strategic indecision:
Hitler and Goering can’t
make up their minds about
objectives
1. Attack shipping and port
to lure British into
dogfights
2. Attack forward airfields
3. Attack radar
4. Attack main airfields &
fighter production
5. The Blitz
The Blitz
Michael
Caine
The Few
Indo-China
• September 13, 1940 Japan invades
French-Indo China
• United States responds by placing
on embargo on Japan
Oil & Steel
• Japan feels it is placed in a corner
Barbarossa
• June 22, 1941
• Nazi Germany invades the USSR
• The largest invasion in the history
of the world
• Advance to Leningrad, Moscow
and Stalingrad
Pearl Harbor
• Japanese task force attacks
American base in Hawaii
• December 7, 1941
• 2,403 Americans killed
Japanese Expansion
• Attacks allied targets in the Pacific
• Philippines, Hong Kong, Singapore
• Japan takes Dutch East Indies
• Americans surrender Philippines
May 6, 1942
Coral Sea/Midway
• Japanese task force stopped invasion
of Port Moresby May7-8, 1942 First
naval battle fought by aircraft
• June 4, 1942 US sinks four Japanese
carriers in the Battle of Midway
• Turning Point of War
North Africa
• Operation Torch November 7, 1942
• Axis defeated in North Africa May
7, 1943
Stalingrad
• German army surrounded at
Stalingrad
• Surrender Feb 2, 1943
• Soviets on Offensive for rest of the
war
Sicily/Italy
• Operation Husky June 9, 1943
• August 12, 1943 Axis leave Sicily
• Invasion of Salerno September 9,
1943
• Rome Retaken June 5, 1944 by
Clark
D-Day
• June 6, 1944
• Allied troops invade Occupied
France
• Normandy beaches
• Operation Overlord
Petain and Hitler
Charles De Gaulle
Pointe
du Hoc
Allied advance
• Retake Paris
• Invade Holland
• Reach Germany
Battle of the Bulge
• December 16, 1944
• Germany offensive in the Ardennes
• Largest battle ever fought by
America
• Germany defeated
Defeat of Germany
• March 7, 1945 Allies cross Rhine
• April 16, 1945 Soviets attack Berlin
• April 30, 1945 Hitler commits
suicide
• May 7, 1945 Germany surrenders
Reichstag
New laws passed:
*Jews turn over precious metals
*segregated in German towns
*no carrier pigeons
*suspend drivers licenses
*confiscation of radios
*curfew 9-5 summer 8-6 winter
One plan was to make things
so bad in Germany Jews will
want to leave
SS works on this-have plan to
set up Jewish colony
Madagascar
War ends all of these plans
Einsatzgruppen organized in
Poland and Russia
Richard Heydrich in charge
Richard
Heydrich
Head of SD
Wansee Conference
January 20, 1942
Endlosung-Final Solution
11 million Jews(broken down
by country)
Sent to transit ghettos
Sent on to work camps or
death camps
Many would “doubtless… fall
away through natural
reduction”
Adolf Eichmann
Eichmann made sure the final
Solution ran smoothly
Made train run on time and
camps were set up
Arriving at Auschwitz
Problem for Germans-shooting
too slow
Try putting Jews in sealed
trucks and driving them-too
much gas wasted
Commander of Auschwitz
Rudolf Hoss tries Zyklon B an
insecticide from I.G. Faben
**
Polish-Soviet area
Germany
Austria
Czechoslovakia (in the pre-Munich
boundaries
Hungary, including northern
Transylvania
France
Belgium
Luxembourg
Italy
The Netherlands
Norway
Romania (Regat, southern
Transylvania, southern Bukovina)
Yugoslavia
Greece
Total Loss
4,565,000
125,000
65.000
277,000
402,000
83,000
24,000
700
7,500
106,000
760
40,000
60,000
65,000
5,820,960
Nuremburg Trials
Nazi leadership that is
captured are tried for war
crimes
Hermann Göring, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von
Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel, Ernst
Kaltenbrunner, Alfred Rosenberg, Hans Frank,
Wilhelm Frick, Julius Streicher, Walther Funk,
Hjalmar Schacht
Back Row Left to Right
Karl Dönitz, Erich Raeder, Baldur von Schirach,
Fritz Sauckel, Alfred Jodl, Franz von Papen,
Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Albert Speer, Konstantin
von Neurath, Hans Fritzsche
Hitler, Himmler and Goebbels
not there
Goering top Nazi at the trial
11 sentenced to death including
Goering
Some get prison sentence
Two not guilty
Adolf Eichmann will be found
in Argentina in the late
1050’s, kidnapped and
brought to Israel
Defeat of Japan
• Island Hopping advances toward
Japan
• Allies invade Iwo Jima (Feb 19,
1945) and Okinawa (April 1, 1945)
• Philippines retaken July 5, 1945
Atomic Bombs
• Hiroshima bombed August 6, 1945
• Soviet Union Invades China
• Nagasaki Bombed August 9, 1945
• Japan surrenders August 14, 1945
Nagasaki
Results
• Up to 100 million dead
• Refugee problem
• Europe and much of Asia
destroyed
• Cold War
YALTA CONFERENCE
* FEBRUARY 4-11 1945
* CRIMEAN PENNINSULA
* CHURCHILL, ROOSEVELT,
STALIN
YALTA AGREEMENTS
•UN
•FREE ELECTIONS
•COALITION GOVERNMENT IN
POLAND
•GERMANY – 4 ZONES
YALTA CONFERENCE
POTSDAM CONFERENCE
•JULY 17 –AUGUST 2 1945
•OUTSIDE BERLIN
•ATLEE, TRUMAN, STALIN
POTSDAM DISAGREEMENTS
•SOVIETS REFUSE POLAND
COALITION
•ADJUST BORDER OF GERMANY
AND POLAND
•TRUMAN REFUSES SOVIET
REPARATIONS FROM ALLIED
ZONES
POTSDAM CONFERENCE
RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE
•INVADED BY GERMANY TWICE IN 27
YEARS
•LOST IN WWI
•ALMOST LOST WWII
•WANT TO PREVENT THIS FROM
HAPPENING AGAIN
SOVIET DISTRUST
•UP TO 40 MILLION KILLED IN
WWII
•ABOUT 100,000 US SOLDIER
KILLED IN EUROPE
•STALIN FEELS US DELAYED
SECOND FRONT