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Plant Circulation and Transport
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Mycorrhizae
Root hairs
Macronutrients for plants
C, H, O, N, K, Ca, P, Mg,
S
• Micronutrients for plants
• Fe, Cl, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo, B
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Xylem
Vessel Member
Tracheids
Transpiration
Factors that Affect
Humidity
Temperature
Sunlight
Wind
Plant Circulation and Transport
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Phloem
Sieve-tube members
Companion cells.
Phloem loading
Active transport
Role of xylem and water
Source to Sink flow
Translocation
Plant Reproduction
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Importance of flowers
Importance of pollen
Importance of seeds
Sepals
Petals
Stamen
– Anther
– Filament
• Pistil
– Stigma
– Style
– Ovary
Pollen must physically fit
the stigma for
pollination to occur.
Important for species
recognition.
The Flower
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Adaptations
Coevolution
UV markings
Nectaries
Perfect Flowers
Imperfect Flowers
Monoecious
Diecious
Angiosperm Reproduction
• Meiosis
• Occurs in anthers and
ovaries.
• Forms haploid spores.
• Microspores in the
anthers.
• Megaspores in the ovaries.
• These divide by mitosis to
form haploid,
multicellular
gametophytes.
• These form embryo sacs
and pollen grains.
• Fertilization
• Pollen tube
• Ovule develops into a
seed.
• Ovary develops into a
fruit.
Other information concerning
plants
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Seed dispersal mechanisms
Seed coat
Germination
Cotyledons
Vegetative propagation
Plant Hormones
• Auxins--Promote cell
elongation; stimulates
division in the vascular
cambium, promotes
flowering and fruit
formation.
• Gibberellins—Stimulate
cell division and
elongation, inhibit seed
formation, stimulate
flowering and pollen-tube
growth, ends dormancy,
increases fruit size.
• Cytokinins—Promote cell
division in stems;
facilitates healing of
wounds, prolongs life of
leaves, flowers, and fruits.
• Ethylene gas—regulates
metabolism, promotes
fruit ripening, regulate
shedding of leaves and
flowers.
• Abscisic Acid—Inhibits
growth, promotes
dormancy & stomate
closure.
Plant Responses
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Photoperiodism
Phytochrome
Tropisms
Phototropisms
Role of auxins
Gravitropism
Positive and negative
examples
• Thigmotropism
• Tendrils