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Earth Systems 3209 – Common Metamorphic Rocks Slate (parent – shale) Slate is a fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock that is created by the alteration of shale or mudstone by low-grade regional metamorphism. Phyllite (parent – shale, slate) Phyllite is a foliate metamorphic rock that is made up mainly of very fine-grained mica. The surface of phyllite is typically lustrous and sometimes wrinkled. It is intermediate in grade between slate and schist. Schist (parent – shale, slate , phyllite) Schist is metamorphic rock with well developed foliation. It often contains significant amounts of mica which allow the rock to split into thin pieces. It is a rock of intermediate metamorphic grade between phyllite and gneiss. Earth Systems 3209 – Common Metamorphic Rocks Gneiss (parent – granite or shale, slate , phyllite ,schist) Gneiss is a foliated metamorphic rock identified by its bands. Gneiss usually forms by regional metamorphism at convergent plate boundaries. It is a high-grade metamorphic rock in which mineral grains recrystallized under intense heat and pressure. Gneiss can form in several different ways. The most common path begins with shale, which is a sedimentary rock. Regional metamorphism can transform shale into slate, then phyllite, then schist, and finally into gneiss. Intense heat and pressure can also metamorphose granite into a banded rock known as "granite gneiss." This transformation is usually more of a structural change than a mineralogical transformation. Marble (parent – limestone) Marble is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to the heat and pressure of metamorphism. Being composed of calcium carbonate, marble will react in contact with many acids. Quartzite (parent – sandstone) Quartzite is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock composed almost entirely of quartz. It forms when a quartz-rich sandstone, is altered by the heat, pressure, and chemical activity of metamorphism. These conditions recrystallize the sand grains and the silica cement that binds them together. The result is a network of interlocking quartz grains of incredible strength.