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The Latin West Bulliet Chapter 15 Jessica Stroo Northeast Jones HS Rural Life Serfdom Nobility Clergy Peasants Female subordination “…the image of God is found in man, not in woman…” Thomas Aquinas Population Growth Population growth = rural poverty Ineffective farming methods Three Field System Social inequality China vs. Europe 1200: China’s population was twice the size of Europe’s 1300: China and Europe each had roughly 80 million people New Settlements Environmental impacts Black Death Reversed population growth China Mongols and Kaffa Genoese and Italy/France 1 in 3 Europeans died Symptoms Boils Black patches of skin Extreme body odor Pain Effects of Black Death Psychological Impact Religion Penance Jews Party Time! Social Changes Serfdom disappears Higher wages Guilds Guilds Membership Shortened periods of apprenticeships Groups of specialized tradesmen/artisans Silversmiths Merchants Blacksmiths Regulated business Technology Mining Watermills vs. water wheels Dams on rivers Windmills Iron making Bellows Printing press Gutenberg Technology and Architecture The Clock Gothic Cathedrals Song Dynasty 1140: France Western European daily life Pointed arches Cloche: bell Pulley system rather than water powered Regulation of employee work day Beginning and end of class Standardization of day length Flying buttresses Stained glass VERY high Engineering problems Notre Dame de Paris Industry Geographical and Environmental impacts New towns Canals Changing flow of rivers Pollution Deforestation Textiles Flemish Cities (Flanders) Bruges, Ghent, Ypres Spinning wheel to England Urban Revival 1200: growth results from manufacturing Venice “Fourth Crusade” 15th century dominance The MONGOLS Hanseatic League Baltic trade Champagne (France) International Market Fairs Jewish Diaspora Jewish Diaspora Spain Persecution Ghettoes 1492: Spanish expulsion Poland Banking Florence, Italy Checking accounts, private shareholding, bookkeeping Medici family Government and banking Art Fuggers, Augsburg Jews and Christians Cosimo de Medici Renaissance “rebirth” Education 9th Century Charlemagne Carolignian Renaissance 12th Century Larger “Renaissance” Cities = center of intellectual and artistic life Universities established Northern Italy Capture of Italy from Byzantines Greek / Arabic manuscripts Plato / Aristotle Religion and Universities Franciscans Madrasas vs. University St. Francis Latin Simple lives Bologna: legal training Penance Montpellier and Salerno: medicine Love of the poor Dominicans St. Dominic Paris and Oxford: theology Education Queen of science Theology Scholasticism Summa Theologica by Aquinas Literature and Humanism Dante Alighieri The Divine Comedy Greco-Roman classical themes/mythology Tuscan Vernacular Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales English Vernacular Petrarch Boccaccio Printing Vatican Library Pope Nicholas V Erasmus of Rotterdam New Testament errors/mistranslations Printing Press Gutenberg Movable type New ink Gutenberg Bible 1454— first Western book printed with movable type Art Giotto Florentine painter Replaced stiff Byzantine figures Natural portraits with emotion Italian Art Cosimo de Medici Flemish Art Jan van Eyck Oil point Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa The Last Supper fresco Michelangelo Sistine Chapel Lorenzo de Medici Saint Peter’s Basilica http://www.vatican.va/vari ous/cappelle/sistina_vr/ind ex.html Great Western Schism (1378-1415) Pope Boniface VIII Divine law makes papacy superior to “every human creature” King Philip “the Fair” “I don’t think so!” Arrest the pope Avignon Magna Carta (1215) Battle of Hastings 1066 William the Conqueror 1200-1400 Wales and Ireland King John Lost Aquitaine What it did: Monarchs subject to established law Independence of the church and London Guaranteed noble’s hereditary rights Hundred Years War (….that lasted 116 years…someone can’t count) France vs. England Princess Isabella (Fr) and King Edward II (Eng) Edward III of England Claim to French throne France want English lands in “France” 1356: Battle of Poitiers Jean II (Fr) and 2000 nobles taken hostage Ransom is OUTRAGEOUS 1372: Battle of La Rochelle Naval victory for France Control of English Channel 1415: Battle of Agincourt Henry V (En) defeats 20,000 French troops 1st use of artillery 1428-1429: Siege of Orleans Joan of Arc Joan of Arc (1412-1431) 13 years old Visions Charles is rightful king of France Victory at Orleans 1429: Charles crowned king 1430: Joan captured in battle 1431: Recanted visions, sentenced to death Burned at the stake in Rouen New Monarchies and Iberia Take over lands controlled by women Decreasing dependence on knights Charles VII Tax on vassal lands Jewish tax English Parliament House of Lords House of Commons French Estates General Iberia Spain/Portugal conquest of Muslim Iberia Ferdinand and Isabella Christopher Columbus Jewish and Muslim expulsion
