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The Renaissance (1450 AD – 1600) Renaissance “Rebirth” Humanism & humanistic thinking For the good of the people, political thought Italian City-States Florence Renaissance began Ruled by Medici family (Lorenzo de Medici (Magnificent) – 1478) Bankers Patrons of arts Center of art & learning: poets & painters flocked 1490 – trade declined, food shortage 1494 – Savonarola (monk) overthrew Medici’s New government stopped: parties, gambling, swearing Burnt paintings, fancy clothes, musical instruments, classical Books 1498 – Tired of Savonarola’s strict rules – hanged for heresy Medici’s returned to power Venice 117 Islands connected by 400 bridges (canals) Adriatic Sea Grand Canal Rialto – business area / trade center Ruled by aristocrats – control Senate & Council of 10 Passed laws / chose Doje (leader) (little pwr) Loyalty to city above all Report neighbors Treason boxes – letters of accusation Council studied evidence/listen to witnesses/guilt or innocence Late 1500’s Renaissance arrives Constantinople for art & literature Papal States Central Italy, Rome, Ruled by Pope Rodrigo Borgia – bribed cardinals to vote him pope Pope Alexander VI Lucretia Brogia – parties & poison Cesare – army took over towns 1503- Land lost upon Alexander’s death Wealthy from trade Power passed from guilds to wealthy families Important – be remembered as wise /generous rulers Renaissance 1 Kolarik 06 - 07 Parades / ceremonies Built: palaces, churches, schools Schools days: mind and body strength Classical writings / good manners Wrestling / fencing / swimming CITY LIFE Merchants & shopkeepers lived above shops Piazza – center square: markets & trade Fashion Men: tights & tunics Women: flowing dresses w/ tight bodices Renaissance Manners 1. Do not blow your nose and then open and look inside your handkerchief, as if pearls or rubies had dropped out of your head. 2. Do not offer anyone a fruit from which you have already taken a bite. 3. Do not tell sad stories at parties or mealtimes. If someone starts talking this way, gently and politely change the subject and talk about something more cheerful. 4. Do not brag about honors, wealth, or intelligence. 5. Do not speak while yawning. 6. Do not clean your teeth with your napkin or your finger. 7. Do not lie all over the dinner table or fill both sides of your mouth with so much food that your cheeks stick out widely. 8. Do not undress, comb, or wash your hair in front of others. 9. Do not stick out your tongue, rub hands together, or groan out loud. 10. Do not talk too much, especially if your knowledge is small. ART Competition between states for artists (painters/sculptors) Artists studied: Greek & Roman Art Details of nature Perspective – way of showing objects as they appear at different distances Structure of human body Experimented w/ light, color, & shade True to life, full of color & action Multi-task: paint, sculpt, design/carve furniture, jewelry, scenes for plays Festival cloaks, carnival masks, candlesticks, chandeliers, Decorated cakes City-state rulers paid artists to create Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa – portrait of Italian noblewoman The Last Supper – fresco on monastery dining room Designed first parachute Renaissance 2 Kolarik 06 - 07 Drew flying machine & mechanical digger Studied anatomy Michelangelo Buonarroti Sculptor David Pieta (Mary holding Jesus) Moses Painter Sistine Chapel Raphael Fresco painter from Florence Religious figures & scenes Madonna – Virgin Mary Helped in construction of St. Peter’s Bascilica School of Athens NEW WRITING Uses symbolism Dante: Divine Comedy: journey through Hell, Purgatory & Heaven Chaucer: Canterbury Tales: series of stories told by travelers on pilgrimage to Shrine of Tomas Becket Machiavelli: The Prince: speaks of deceitful leaders & way gov’t should operate FRANCE French invasions – brought back Italian architects & artists Chateaux – castles Rabelais – physician / monk (believed that humans not tied down by past) The Adventures of Gargantua and Pantagruel GERMANY Johannes Gutenberg: Movable type printing press Originally: books printed in Latin Movable press: books printed in vernacular (language of locals people) 1st book printed: bible ENGLAND Plays Open air, day light theatres Pit – seating below stage William Shakespeare Comedies & tragedies of histories of England and ancient Rome Considered greatest play-write Renaissance 3 Kolarik 06 - 07