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Biology
Date: April 23, 2008
Drill
*define
 Theory-greatly well tested explanation with many parts,
o Explains observations
o Supported by many facts & observations
 Law-1 part, true and universal fact
 Hypothesis-educated Guess
 Fact-is true in a situation
How life began is not =to Evolution
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How did life begin:
Extraterrestrials
Divine Intervention (God)
Oparin Hypothesis
 Hypothesized about conditions on early earth
 Known as primordial stew or soup
 No Oxygen
 Lots of Nitrogen
 Methane
 Lightning
 Ozone from lightning
 Formed amino acids from his experiment
Evolution has to do after life started not the creation
Background:
 What is an organism?
• A living thing is an organism.
 What is an offspring?
• Your kids are your offspring. (babies)
 What is a species?
• Two organism are the same species when they can have fertile offspring
• Grizzly and a polar bear
 What is a population?
• Group of organisms of the same species same time, and same place.
Evolution
Evolution is a set of ideas, which explain how populations
change over time.
Evolution is not (does not explain how life began)
 Origin of life
 A law
 Opinion
 A hypothesis
 Directional
Evolution
http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/claroline/BIOCONAPP
Biology
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Aristotle
• Things are unchanging
Couvier
• Deeper Fossils are older
• Deeper you go the more dissimilar fossils are
Lamarke
• Use Disuse Theory
• Giraffe
Malthus
• Organisms make a lot of offspring (babies)
• Some will not survive.
Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. – Theodosius Dobzhansky
Charles Darwin
USS Beagle goes around the world
Darwin’s Global Circumnavigation of the Globe on the HMS Beagle Provided a Rich Source of
Observations and Experiences
I.
Charles Darwin: Geological map of South America.
The idea of evolution - that species did not remain as created, but changed over time was not a new idea in Darwin's time, but no mechanism for the changes had been
propounded. Darwin's studies during and after the Beagle voyage led him to develop the
idea that living things gradually adapted to the environment because suitable traits were
selected by inheritance from one generation to the next. To allow enough time for these
minute changes to accumulate and form new species, it was essential to prove that Earth
had great antiquity. Darwin tackled the problem by reference to the geological record
and the work of Charles Lyell.
http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/exhibitions/Keeping_Time/Darwin.html
http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/claroline/BIOCONAPP
Biology
a. 1831 Voyage on HMS Beagle ( five year voyage)
Feb. 1832 - Jan. 1833:
The Beagle arrives at Salvador, Brazil
Survey work at Rio de Janeiro
Survey work at Buenos Aires
Two boats hired to assist in surveys
Violent storms at Tierra del Fuego
Expedition up the Rio Santa Cruz
The Beagle rounds the Cape
Jun. 1834 - Apr. 1835:
Arrival at Valparaiso
Darwin's 1st Andes expedition
FitzRoy's nervous breakdown
Survey of Chiloe Island
Valdivia and Concepcion
Survey of Earthquake damage
Darwin's 2nd Andes expedition
Apr. 1835 - Sep. 1835:
Darwin's 3rd Andes expedition
FitzRoy saves the HMS Challenger
Survey of the Peru coastline
Jan. 1833 - Nov. 1833:
Mission is started in Tierra del Fuego
A visit to the Falkland Islands
Darwin leads the Gaucho life
Darwin explores Buenos Aires
Darwin explores the Rio Negro
Sep. 1835 - Oct. 1835:
Survey of Galapagos Archipelago
Hood Island
Chatham Island
Charles Island
Albemarle Island
Abigdon Island
Bindloe Island
Tower Island
James Island
Indefatigable Island
Chatham Island
Hood Island
Albemarle Island
James Island
Abigdon Island
Jun. 1834 - Jun. 1834:
Return to the mission
Falkland Islands, revisited
http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/claroline/BIOCONAPP
Biology 4th Block Room 128
Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher
Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher
Darwin’s Observations for Natural Selection
1. The number of organisms of each species will increase, generation to generation. (Malthus)
2. In nature, populations tend to remain stable in size. (Darwin)
3. Environmental resources are limited. Production of more individuals than can be supported by
the environment leads competition. Not everyone will live.
4. Individuals of a population vary extensively in their characteristics with no two individuals
being exactly alike.
5. Much of this variation between individuals is heritable.
Survival in the struggle for existence is not random, but depends the heritable characteristics of
individuals.
Individuals who inherit characteristics that make them good enough to survive are likely to leave more
offspring.
http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/claroline/BIOCONAPP