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Biology Date: April 23, 2008 Drill *define Theory-greatly well tested explanation with many parts, o Explains observations o Supported by many facts & observations Law-1 part, true and universal fact Hypothesis-educated Guess Fact-is true in a situation How life began is not =to Evolution How did life begin: Extraterrestrials Divine Intervention (God) Oparin Hypothesis Hypothesized about conditions on early earth Known as primordial stew or soup No Oxygen Lots of Nitrogen Methane Lightning Ozone from lightning Formed amino acids from his experiment Evolution has to do after life started not the creation Background: What is an organism? • A living thing is an organism. What is an offspring? • Your kids are your offspring. (babies) What is a species? • Two organism are the same species when they can have fertile offspring • Grizzly and a polar bear What is a population? • Group of organisms of the same species same time, and same place. Evolution Evolution is a set of ideas, which explain how populations change over time. Evolution is not (does not explain how life began) Origin of life A law Opinion A hypothesis Directional Evolution http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/claroline/BIOCONAPP Biology Aristotle • Things are unchanging Couvier • Deeper Fossils are older • Deeper you go the more dissimilar fossils are Lamarke • Use Disuse Theory • Giraffe Malthus • Organisms make a lot of offspring (babies) • Some will not survive. Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. – Theodosius Dobzhansky Charles Darwin USS Beagle goes around the world Darwin’s Global Circumnavigation of the Globe on the HMS Beagle Provided a Rich Source of Observations and Experiences I. Charles Darwin: Geological map of South America. The idea of evolution - that species did not remain as created, but changed over time was not a new idea in Darwin's time, but no mechanism for the changes had been propounded. Darwin's studies during and after the Beagle voyage led him to develop the idea that living things gradually adapted to the environment because suitable traits were selected by inheritance from one generation to the next. To allow enough time for these minute changes to accumulate and form new species, it was essential to prove that Earth had great antiquity. Darwin tackled the problem by reference to the geological record and the work of Charles Lyell. http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/exhibitions/Keeping_Time/Darwin.html http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/claroline/BIOCONAPP Biology a. 1831 Voyage on HMS Beagle ( five year voyage) Feb. 1832 - Jan. 1833: The Beagle arrives at Salvador, Brazil Survey work at Rio de Janeiro Survey work at Buenos Aires Two boats hired to assist in surveys Violent storms at Tierra del Fuego Expedition up the Rio Santa Cruz The Beagle rounds the Cape Jun. 1834 - Apr. 1835: Arrival at Valparaiso Darwin's 1st Andes expedition FitzRoy's nervous breakdown Survey of Chiloe Island Valdivia and Concepcion Survey of Earthquake damage Darwin's 2nd Andes expedition Apr. 1835 - Sep. 1835: Darwin's 3rd Andes expedition FitzRoy saves the HMS Challenger Survey of the Peru coastline Jan. 1833 - Nov. 1833: Mission is started in Tierra del Fuego A visit to the Falkland Islands Darwin leads the Gaucho life Darwin explores Buenos Aires Darwin explores the Rio Negro Sep. 1835 - Oct. 1835: Survey of Galapagos Archipelago Hood Island Chatham Island Charles Island Albemarle Island Abigdon Island Bindloe Island Tower Island James Island Indefatigable Island Chatham Island Hood Island Albemarle Island James Island Abigdon Island Jun. 1834 - Jun. 1834: Return to the mission Falkland Islands, revisited http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/claroline/BIOCONAPP Biology 4th Block Room 128 Mr. R. Bair Biology Teacher Mrs. MV Smith Resource Teacher Darwin’s Observations for Natural Selection 1. The number of organisms of each species will increase, generation to generation. (Malthus) 2. In nature, populations tend to remain stable in size. (Darwin) 3. Environmental resources are limited. Production of more individuals than can be supported by the environment leads competition. Not everyone will live. 4. Individuals of a population vary extensively in their characteristics with no two individuals being exactly alike. 5. Much of this variation between individuals is heritable. Survival in the struggle for existence is not random, but depends the heritable characteristics of individuals. Individuals who inherit characteristics that make them good enough to survive are likely to leave more offspring. http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/claroline/BIOCONAPP