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GEOLOGY- PART 1 (Rocks and
Minerals)
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What is geology?
How has modern geological thought evolved?
What is really inside the Earth?
What is a mineral? A rock? What is the difference?
What is a crystal?
How do minerals/rocks form?
Why are minerals/rocks important?
ROCKS AND MINERALS
• Does the Earth’s crust look the same
everywhere?
• What are some natural materials in the
crust?
• If you were interested in finding out
firsthand what the Earth’s crust is made of,
how would you go about it?
• [8.4.1, 8.4.2,8.4.3,8.4.4, 8.1 and 8.2]
Atoms to Crystals to Minerals
• All minerals are made of crystals which form in
the following ways:
– Evaporation of solutions
– Cooling of molten liquid magma
– Precipitation from mineralized solutions in
underground caverns
– Condensation or sublimation of hot vapors (volcanic
activity)
– Growth by recrystallization of existing minerals during
the metamorphic process of rocks
All minerals have a definite chemical composition;
therefore, have a definite crystal structure.
WHAT IS A MINERAL?
• To be a mineral, an object of matter must have the
following properties:
 Naturally Occurring
 Inorganic
 Solid
 Crystal Structure
 Definite Chemical Composition
Rocks are mixtures of minerals!!!
IDENTIFYING MINERALS
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Color
Luster
Hardness
Streak
Density
Crystal Shape
Cleavage/Fracture
ROCKS
• How are rocks
formed?
• What is the Rock
Cycle? Describe each
type of rock.
WORKS CITED
• http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link
=/earth/geology/rocks_intro.html
• http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_scie
nce/terc/navigation/chapter05.cfm