Download Notes 11 The Cell Cycle

General Biology/Fletcher
The next 5 sets of notes will involve ___________________, which is…
 the study of growth and development as it is directed by DNA (DNA  __________
characteristic)
 the study of biological ________________ (how the instructions for building the organism are
passed from cell to cell and from generation to ________________)
Notes #11 Cell Reproduction – The Cell Cycle
 Cells must be able to produce new _______________; Why?
 All organisms grow and ______________, and must be maintained; the cells of a
multicellular organism’s body are called _____________ cells
 Most organisms can produce new _______________ (or can play a role in doing
so); to do this most organisms make reproductive cells, called ____________; in
plants and animals these are called the ___________ and the ________________
?? So…How are new body cells or gametes produced??
 Cells reproduce by dividing; a single __________________ cell divides to produce
two ____________________ cells
 In a multicellular organism cell _______________________________________ must
be precisely controlled so that cells will be added where and when they are needed
 Division of cells occurs as part of a _______________ ____________, a series of
_________ stages that a cell must go through in order to divide, which is then
_____________________ when the daughter cells divide
1. _______
Stage wherein the new daughter cell grows and performs all of
necessary functions (makes new ___________________, breaks down glucose to
get energy, produces _______________, etc.)
2. _______
Stage wherein cell makes a duplicate _______ of its genetic
material (________, which exists in structures called ____________________)
3. _______
Stage wherein cell makes _________ organelles, enzymes,
membranes and so on, so it can divide to make two complete daughter cells
4. _______
Two part stage
Part 1 (M) wherein genetic material is ______________ (involves either
_________ for producing body cells or ______________ for gametes)
Part 2 (C) wherein parent cell physically splits to make _______ daughter cells,
a process called ____________________
RESULT: Two daughter cells where there was one parent cell, each with the appropriate
amount of genetic material, organelles, enzymes and so on so they can survive
and do the cell’s job
 Most cells are not programmed to continually divide and are therefore kept in the first
stage (called ______ if the cell never continues the cell cycle); cells programmed to
continually divide are called ____________ cells
 ______________ is the disease that occurs when cells that are not supposed to divide
do divide, creating new cells in a mass called a ______________; these cells may
spread to other parts of the body where they continue to grow, ______________ the
organization and __________ of the normal ______________