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SOCIAL STUDIES 8
UNIT 3: THE HUMANIST APPROACH
HUMANISM AND CIVIC HUMANISM
• Humanism is the belief that every individual is important and that
everyone should develop all of their skills and talents to share
with the world.
• Civic Humanism goes a step further. Civic Humanists not only
believe that it is a person’s right to learn and grow, but their
responsibility; a person should learn all that they can about history
and political issues, so that they can improve their society.
HUMANISM CAN ALSO BE DESCRIBED AS…
THE FOUR HUMANIST BELIEFS
1. The Power of Reason (think for yourself!)
2. People Must Have an Open and Curious Mind
3. Achievement Through Learning and Intelligence
4. A Person Should be Well-Rounded (a Renaissance man or woman)
RENAISSANCE, RELIGION, AND ANTIQUITY
• During the Renaissance there is a shift from religion to reason. What does this mean?
• Before humanism, people sought answers about life’s mysteries in religion and their
faith, but during the Renaissance they began turning to knowledge, reason, and
thinking as well. They certainly didn’t forget about their faith, but it was no longer the
be all and end all – religion had some competition. Now people could turn to things
like science, art, literature, and their own thoughts to find answers for life's mysteries
as well as religion.
• Where did these ideas originate?
• In the classic works of antiquity (Ancient Greece and Rome)
TIMELINE OF EVENTS:
ANTIQUITY TO THE DARK AGES TO THE RENAISSANCE
THE FOUR TYPES OF RENAISSANCE ART
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•
•
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Painting
Sculpting
Architecture
Literature
PAINTING
• HUMANS are now the subject of art, for example, Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona
Lisa.
• Elaborate buildings and landscapes also gain popularity as the subject of art
and paintings, and religion begins to take a back seat. We no longer think of
religion as the star of the show – religion absolutely has its place, but what we
really want to see is the individual human, each person as they are
individually, not as a group!
• At this point, artists began signing their names on their work, why do you
think that is?
PAINTINGS: MEDIEVAL VS. RENAISSANCE
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?
SCULPTING
• Sculpting involved work on buildings and statues. It was previously seen as a skilled
trade, and sculptors were skilled labourers, but during the Renaissance, they elevated
their profession to that of an art form.
• One of the most notable humanist sculptures is Michelangelo's David. It is a perfect
example of Humanism for many reasons.
•
Firstly, David’s furrowed brow shows that he is contemplative. He is clearly thinking and
concerned - a concept that may not seem revolutionary now, but certainly was at the time.
•
David also represents a figure from the Bible who was the only person, willing and able, to
defeat Goliath - a much larger man, who everyone was scared of. David eventually defeated
goliath using his wits; he killed Goliath by hitting him in the head with a stone and a slingshot.
This represents the humanist idea that intelligence can win over strength.
•
Furthermore, the David represents the idea that a normal man can be a hero. The David is
proportionately an average man, yet he represents a figure who was able to do what no one
else could.
LITERATURE: MEDIEVAL (DARK AGE) VS. RENAISSANCE
• Medieval literature, when existent (printing press invented in 1453), involved mainly
religious concepts and themes. It was typically printed in Latin, which only the
nobility could typically read or understand.
• Renaissance writing, firstly, was written in the vernacular (the language of the
people/area), it focused on never before seen topics such as love, personal opinion,
and social commentary/criticism, and it was often inspired by classical Greek and
Roman writing.
• How do you think this affected religion? Would religion gain power or fade into the
background? Why do you think the Medieval period was called The Dark Ages.
• Religion faded into the background. That is not to say that it wasn’t still important,
but Religion now had competition!
ARCHITECTURE
“SOLID, USEFUL, AND BEAUTIFUL”
OTHER NOTABLE HUMANISTS
• Desiderius Erasmus was a very religious man, but he was also a scholar. He famously said, “When I get a little money I
buy books; and if any is left I buy food and clothes.” He edited a new Greek-Latin version of the New Testament
• Christine de Pisan: First female humanist writer. She was educated in France at the court of King Charles V and argued
that a woman should be judged on her abilities and virtues, and not her gender.
• Petrarch was the leading poet of his time, and a sort of Renaissance love guru. He wrote hundreds of love poems to
one woman named Laura.
Ex:
Oh blessed be the day, the month, the year,
the season and the time, the hour, the instant,
the gracious countryside, the place where I was
struck by those two lovely eyes that bound me;
and blessed be the first sweet agony
I felt when I found myself bound to Love,
the bow and all the arrows that have pierced me,
the wounds that reach the bottom of my heart.
REVIEW SLIDE
•
Humanism is:
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Define vernacular:
•
the belief that every individual is important and everyone should develop their talents and
share them with the world.
•
language of the common people or area.
•
Civic Humanism on the other hand:
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Define Patron:
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means using those talents, as well as knowledge of history and political matters to better
society.
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a person who pays/supports artists in their craft.
•
Define Renaissance man or woman, and list the example given in class ;) -
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The Four Humanist Beliefs are:
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a well-rounded individual – m&ms.
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The Power of Reason, Have an Open and Curious Mind, Achievement Through Learning and
Intelligence, A Person Should be Well-Rounded.
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Who is Petrarch?
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During the Renaissance, humanists looked to _____ to find answers to life’s mysteries:
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the leading Renaissance, humanist poet of his time, who wrote hundreds of love poems to
one woman named Laura. Otherwise known as the Renaissance Love Guru 
•
reason (knowledge or thinking).
•
A perfect example of humanist art is ______ by ______.
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Where did humanist inspiration come from:
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The David by Michelangelo .
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in the classical works of Ancient Greece and Rome
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Who wrote the first Greek-Latin Bible?
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During the Renaissance, what became the main subject of art work:
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Desiderius Erasmus, a great humanist scholar and devout Christian.
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humans – specifically, the body in great detail.
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Who said, “Women should be judged on their abilities and virtues, and not their gender”?
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How do we know that Renaissance artists were proud to be recognized for their
accomplishments?
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Christine de Pisan
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They signed their work.
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Where was Christine de Pisan educated?
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What was the most common subject of Medieval writing?
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The French Court of King Charles V.
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Religion.
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List 4 types of Renaissance Art:
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What was new about Renaissance literature (4 things)?
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Painting, Sculpting, Architecture, and Literature.
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Written in the vernacular, about love, questioning of traditional ways, inspired by classical
Greek and Roman writers.
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Who painted the Mona Lisa?
•
Leonardo Da Vinci.
•
What was a major result of this shift in literature?
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What two types of skilled labourers elevated their status to “artist” during the Renaissance?
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Religious leaders began losing power.
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Architects and Sculptors.
*****REVIEW ALL TERMS*****
SOURCES
• https://www.google.ca/search?q=timeline+ancient+greece+to+renaissance&espv=2&biw=1760&bih=923
&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4tqeA6r3JAhUI7WMKHQN6DU8Q_AUIBigB&dpr=0.9#tbm
=isch&q=timeline+years+ancient+greece+to+renaissance&imgrc=X1yVpXXWOjGEHM%3A
• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Francesco_Petrarca00.jpg
• http://www.atomictango.co m/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/love_guru.jpg
• http://www.clipartbest.com/cliparts/9Tp/ojB/9TpojB9bc.png
• https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/98/dd/c7/98ddc702b2926b47d52c60a49dffe3d6.jpg
• https://ballandalus.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/img_3511.jpg
• Http://i.livescience.com/images/i/000/065/672/i02/mona-lisa-retouched.jpg?1399047962