Download Parts of Speech Noun Pronoun Verb Adjective Adverb Preposition

Parts of Speech
Noun
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Parts of Sentence
Subject & Predicate
Some are concrete – She heard thunder.
Some are abstract – Patience is a virtue.
Some are proper – My cat’s name is Shadow.
Some are common – Dogs are often funny.
The Test: place an article (a, an, the) in front of the
word. If it fits; it’s a noun.
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Pronoun
1st person Nominative
1st Person Objective
I, We
Me, Us
2nd person Nominative
2nd Person Objective
you
you
3rd person Nominative
3rd Person Objective
He, She, It, They
Him, Her, They
Indefinite pronouns include words like someone, anyone, etc.
The complete subject includes the simple subject
and all the words that modify, or tell more about it.
The complete predicate includes the verb and all
the words that modify, or tell more about it.
The simple subject is the key word or words in the
subject.
The simple predicate is the verb or verb phrase that
tells something about the subject.
The violent storm battered the sailboat.
Verb
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Action
Linking: is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been
Direct Object
Adjective
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Adjectives modify nouns (or pronouns)
The articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are ALWAYS
adjectives
Adverb
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Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
Preposition
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Shows relationship between a noun and another part
of a sentence; begins prepositional phrases
Commonly Used Prepositions
aboard
below
for
about
beneath from
above
beside
in
across
besides
inside
after
between into
against
beyond
like
along
before
of
among
by
off
at
behind
on
down
during
out
With Action Verbs . . .
except
over
through
throughout
to
under
underneath
unto
up
with
a word or group of words that receives the action of an action
verb. It answers the question what or whom.
The climber caught. (Caught what? Or whom?)
The climber caught the nylon rope.
Indirect Object
tells what, to whom, for what, or for whom an action is done.
Verbs that often take indirect objects include bring, give,
hand, lend, make, send, show, teach, tell, and write.
The rescue team gives hot food.
(Gives food to or for whom?)
The rescue team gives the survivors hot food.
With Linking Verbs . . .
Subject Complement
the adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows a linking verb.
Example Sentences:
Brandon is a gifted athlete.
It was he who caught the winning touchdown Friday night.
Conjunction
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Coordinating (join grammatical equals)
Correlative (work in pairs)
Subordinating (joins two clauses)
Conjunctive Adverbs
Think of the linking verb as an equal (=) sign. The subject and
the subject complement equal each other.
Brandon = athlete.
It = he
Interjection
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Expressions of emotion
Designed
by
Ms.
Gunn
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RHHS
English
Department
Clauses
Phrases
Phrases will NOT have both a subject and verb!
Phrases are never clauses. Clauses are never phrases.
Independent Clauses
a group of words that contains a subject and verb and
expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a
sentence.
Example: Jim studied in the coffee shop for his chemistry
quiz.
Prepositional Phrases
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Dependent Clauses
a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not
express a complete thought. A dependent clause alone cannot
be a sentence.
Example: When Jim studied in the coffee shop for his
chemistry quiz . . . (What happened when he studied? The
thought is incomplete.)
(Prep + adj if any + N)
Acts like adjective or adverb
Example: The car drove down the street.
Appositive Phrases
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A noun (and its modifiers) that restates another noun
Example: Fluffy, the superdog, rescued the kitten
from the tree.
An entire dependent clause acts like a single adjective, adverb,
or noun inside the structure of a sentence.
VERBALS
Adjective clauses
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Modify nouns and pronouns
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Often begin with relative pronouns such as who,
whose, whom, what, which, that
Example: Miguel tried the window, which wouldn’t open.
Nonessential (or nonrestrictive) adjective clauses, like the one
above, will be set off with commas. Essential clauses will not.
Adverb clauses
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Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
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Often begin with subordinating conjunctions such
as after, although, as, because, before, even though,
if, since, though, unless, until, when, whether, and
while.
Example: Dad waited while I ran into the store.
Noun Clauses
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Can be used in the same way as a noun or pronoun.
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Some of the words that introduce noun clauses are
that, whether, who, why, whom, what, how, when,
whoever, where, and whomever
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Because these act like nouns they are used in the
same places in the sentence: Subject, predicate
nominative, direct object, indirect object, appositive,
or object of the preposition.
(To check a noun clause substitute the pronoun it or the proper
form of the pronouns he or she for the noun clause.)
Infinitives
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(to + verb)
Acts like adjective, adverb, or noun
Example: He wanted to graduate from high school.
Gerunds
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a verb that acts like a noun
always ends in –ing
Example: Walking to work is a good form of
exercise.
Participles
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a verb that acts like a adjective
can end in any verb ending (-ing, -d, -ed, -n, etc.
Example: Walking to work, she discovered a strange
dog.
Notice that the same phrase could be either a gerund or
participle depending on how it’s used!
Absolute Phrases
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a noun + a participle
it adds a focusing detail to the idea of the whole
sentence
Example: The boy watched, his eyes bulging in the
dark.
Examples: I know who said that. (I know it.)
Whoever said it is wrong. (He is wrong.)
Designed
by
Ms.
Gunn
*
RHHS
English
Department