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Islam • History of Islam • Islam started in the Arabian peninsula, (what is today, Saudi Arabia.) Life in the Arabian Peninsula • People lived in tribes • Tribes were patriarchal: men were in charge, women veiled & segregated • Caravan Culture – traveled in groups across the desert Life in the Arabian Peninsula • Mecca a major city • Pilgrimage (trip) to Mecca important for all tribes. • Mecca a place for trade of goods Life in the Arabian Peninsula • Violent, warrior states with vendetta culture – someone hurts you, you hurt them back • desert warfare - kill enemies, show no mercy The Prophet Muhammed • Founder of Islam • Was an orphan raised by his uncle • His uncle was a caravan trader, near Mecca. Muhammed • At the age of 40 the Angel Gabriel appeared to Muhammed • Gabriel told Muhammed the word of God • Muhammed shared what he was told The (Qur’an) • Followers recorded Mohammed’s teachings in the Qu’ran • Muslims believe the Qu’ran is the direct word of God (Allah) • It took 23 years to collect all the verses. Muslim Beliefs: The Five Pillars The Five Pillars of Islam 1) Shahadah: Declaration of Faith There is no god but Allah, and Mohammed is His Prophet. The Five Pillars of Islam 2) Salah: Prayer 5 times each day (facing Mecca) The Five Pillars of Islam 3) Sawm: Fasting during the month of Ramadan Abstaining from drinking, eating, smoking, sexual intercourse and other worldly pleasures… The Five Pillars of Islam 4) Zakah: Giving alms (donations) to charity The Five Pillars of Islam 5) Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca Hajj at least once in your life if you are physically and financially able. Ka’aba • He preached in the Ka’aba (square, stone structure in Great Mosque). • The Ka’aba is in Mecca. • Muslims circle the Ka’aba 7 times in a clockwise motion during the Hajj. Once upon a time…. • According to the Torah (Hebrew religious text), God made a covenant (promise) with Abraham. • God promised Abraham’s descendants Canaan. • God promised Abraham a child ("the child of promise," Genesis 15). Ishmael • Abraham (99 years old) and his wife Sarah (86 years old) was unable to have children. • Abraham to have a child with Hagar, Sarah’s maidservant. • Abraham and Hagar had a son and named him Ishmael (Genesis 16). Guess who is a descendant of Ishmael? Abraham Ismail Adnan Quraiysh Qussaiy Abdmanaf Abdshams Hashem Incomplete list - several generations not listed. Adbelmuttalib (Amneh+) Abdallah Abutalib Hamzeh Alabbas Muhammad Ummayah Dynasty (661-750) Abulahab Alhareth Ali Abbbassides Dynasty (750-1258) Isaac • Sarah and Abraham then had a son and named him Isaac. • "And Abraham called the name of his son who was born to him-whom Sarah bore to him-Isaac." (Genesis 21:1-3) Guess who is a descendant of Isaac? Incomplete list - several generations not listed. Claims on the promised land • Muslims believe that God’s promised land of Canaan (Palestine) were meant for Ishmael's descendants. (Sura 19:54; compare Sura 37:83-109 with Genesis 22:1-19) • Jews believe God promised the land of Canaan (Palestine) to Isaac's descendants. (Genesis 12:4-7; 13:12-18; 15:1-21; 17:1-22; 21:1-14; 25:19-26; 26:1-6; 35:9-12). Conflict in the Middle East