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Islam
•
History of Islam
• Islam started in the
Arabian peninsula,
(what is today, Saudi
Arabia.)
Life in the Arabian Peninsula
• People lived in tribes
• Tribes were patriarchal:
men were in charge,
women veiled &
segregated
• Caravan Culture –
traveled in groups across
the desert
Life in the Arabian Peninsula
• Mecca a major city
• Pilgrimage (trip) to
Mecca important for all
tribes.
• Mecca a place for trade
of goods
Life in the Arabian Peninsula
• Violent, warrior states
with vendetta culture –
someone hurts you, you
hurt them back
• desert warfare - kill
enemies, show no mercy
The Prophet Muhammed
• Founder of Islam
• Was an orphan raised by his uncle
• His uncle was a caravan trader, near Mecca.
Muhammed
• At the age of 40 the Angel
Gabriel appeared to
Muhammed
• Gabriel told Muhammed the
word of God
• Muhammed shared what he
was told
The (Qur’an)
• Followers recorded Mohammed’s teachings in the Qu’ran
• Muslims believe the Qu’ran is the direct word of God (Allah)
• It took 23 years to collect all the verses.
Muslim Beliefs:
The Five Pillars
The Five Pillars of Islam
1) Shahadah: Declaration of Faith
There is no god but Allah, and Mohammed is His Prophet.
The Five Pillars of Islam
2) Salah: Prayer 5 times each day (facing
Mecca)
The Five Pillars of Islam
3) Sawm: Fasting
during the month
of Ramadan
Abstaining from drinking, eating, smoking, sexual intercourse
and other worldly pleasures…
The Five Pillars of Islam
4) Zakah: Giving alms (donations) to charity
The Five Pillars of Islam
5) Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca
Hajj at least once in your life if you are physically
and financially able.
Ka’aba
• He preached in the
Ka’aba (square, stone
structure in Great
Mosque).
• The Ka’aba is in Mecca.
• Muslims circle the
Ka’aba 7 times in a
clockwise motion during
the Hajj.
Once upon a time….
• According to the Torah
(Hebrew religious text),
God made a covenant
(promise) with Abraham.
• God promised Abraham’s
descendants Canaan.
• God promised Abraham a
child ("the child of
promise," Genesis 15).
Ishmael
• Abraham (99 years old) and
his wife Sarah (86 years old)
was unable to have children.
• Abraham to have a child with
Hagar, Sarah’s maidservant.
• Abraham and Hagar had a son
and named him Ishmael
(Genesis 16).
Guess who is a
descendant of
Ishmael?
Abraham
Ismail
Adnan
Quraiysh
Qussaiy
Abdmanaf
Abdshams
Hashem
Incomplete list - several
generations not listed.
Adbelmuttalib
(Amneh+) Abdallah Abutalib Hamzeh Alabbas
Muhammad
Ummayah Dynasty
(661-750)
Abulahab Alhareth
Ali
Abbbassides Dynasty
(750-1258)
Isaac
• Sarah and Abraham then had
a son and named him Isaac.
• "And Abraham called the
name of his son who was born
to him-whom Sarah bore to
him-Isaac." (Genesis 21:1-3)
Guess who
is a
descendant
of Isaac?
Incomplete list - several
generations not listed.
Claims on the promised land
• Muslims believe that God’s promised land of
Canaan (Palestine) were meant for Ishmael's
descendants. (Sura 19:54; compare Sura 37:83-109
with Genesis 22:1-19)
• Jews believe God promised the land of Canaan
(Palestine) to Isaac's descendants. (Genesis
12:4-7; 13:12-18; 15:1-21; 17:1-22; 21:1-14; 25:19-26;
26:1-6; 35:9-12).
Conflict in the Middle East