Download Geology

Warm-up 1/27/15
• Take out your Measurement lab from
yesterday, the M & M lab if you fixed it
and your Info sheet if you still have it.
• 1.
Keep working on the Reading Guide
that you received yesterday.
• 2.
Make sure that you grab the 1.1/1.2
Reading guide at your table.
• We will be taking notes in about 10
minutes.
Branches & Spheres
Introduction to Earth Science
http://recycle4acause.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/earth.jpg
• Earth Science:
the name for group of
sciences that deals with Earth & its space
neighbors
• Major categories of Earth Science:
• Geology
• Oceanography
• Meteorology
• Astronomy
• Geology:
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= science that examines Earth, its form &
composition, and the changes it undergoes
2 Main Categories:
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Physical Geology: study of the materials that
Earth is made of; examines the present-day
processes that shape our planet.
Historical Geology: study of the earth’s
geologic history.
http://www.evk2cnr.org/WebCams/PyramidOn
e/everest-webcam.html
http://evk2.isac.cnr.it/
• Oceanography
• study of the oceans and oceanic
phenomena.
• composition of seawater, the
movement of water changes in
coastline, marine life, and sea-floor
topography.
•Meteorology
• study of the atmosphere and
atmospheric phenomena; study of
weather and climate.
• Involves forecasting of weather,
climatology, and the study of the
atmosphere.
Astronomy
• = study of the universe.
• Includes the understanding of the
origins of our universe, galaxy, and
solar system.
http://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/sat
ellite.html
A View of Earth
http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/media/earth.jpg
•4 Spheres of Earth
• Hydrosphere
• Atmosphere
• Geosphere
• Biosphere
Hydrosphere
• = water portion of our planet.
• Oceans = 97% of all the water on the
Earth.
• leftover 3% is freshwater
• groundwater, streams, lakes and
glaciers.
Atmosphere
• = life-sustaining, thin, gaseous envelope that
surrounds the Earth.
• exists only 16 km from the Earth’s surface.
• Provides the air we breathe; protects from
the sun’s heat and radiation.
• production of weather and climate.
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/teachers/images/enlarge/teachers_factfile_atmosphere.jpg
Geosphere
• = layer of Earth under both the atmosphere
and the oceans.
• Composed of the core, the mantle and the
crust.
• Core: dense, heavy inner sphere
• Mantle: less dense
• Crust: lighter, thin portion
•
Not uniform in thickness (thin beneath oceans, thick
beneath continents)
• Lithosphere: crust and upper mantle
• Asthenosphere: lower mantle (molten
http://www.planetaryvisions.com/libsamples/GREA_003.jpg
http://scienceprep.org/images/earthslayers.jpg
rock)
Biosphere
• = all life of Earth.
• Place where living things can be found.
• Important to all the other spheres on
Earth.
• Today’s image of the Earth is VERY
different than images from many
years ago.
• Grand Canyon, Rocky Mountains,
Appalachain Mountains, etc.
• Different forces have affected the
Earth.
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Destructive Forces: forces that wear away
parts of the Earth (weathering, erosion).
Constructive Forces: forces that work to build
up parts of the Earth (mountain building,
volcanism)
Vocabulary,
due
Fri.
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Geology
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Independent
variable
Dependent variable
Qualitative
Quantitative
Scientific theory
Scientific law
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Oceanography
Meteorolgy
Astronomy
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere