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ATOMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER
from the Elements of Chemistry Series
Pre-Test
Directions: This will help you discover what you know about the subject of matter before you begin this
lesson. Answer the following True or False.
1. Chemistry is the study of matter. It provides answers to the question, “What is the world made from?”
T_______ F_______
2. Atoms can be seen with powerful microscopes.
T_______ F_______
3. Protons and neutrons have positive electrical charges.
T_______ F_______
4. Atoms are not the smallest units of matter.
T_______ F_______
5. An isotope has more protons than electrons.
T_______ F_______
6. There are 92 elements found naturally in the universe and about another 20 that have been created in
laboratories. They are called transuranium elements.
T_______ F_______
7. All matter in space is weightless.
T_______ F_______
8. Atoms always have the same number of protons and electrons.
T_______ F_______
9. Quantum Theory explains the planetary model of the atom.
T_______ F_______
10. The Uncertainty Principle holds that it is impossible to determine the location and velocity of an electron
at the same time.
T_______ F_______
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Name ____________
2a
ATOMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER
from the Elements of Chemistry Series
Vocabulary Definitions
The following words and terms used in the program may be unfamiliar to you. Try to listen for these terms while viewing
the program, pay close attention so you can later include them in your scientific descriptions, observations, and creative writing assignment activities.
alpha radiation - All radiation occurs
when the nucleus of an atom decomposes
to form a new nucleus. Alpha radiation
consists of helium nuclei, two protons,
and two neutrons.
gamma radiation - All radiation occurs
when the nucleus of an atom decomposes
to form a new nucleus. Gamma radiation
is an energetic form of light similar to Xrays.
atom - The fundamental unit of matter in
the universe, made up of a nucleus of protons and neutrons and orbiting electrons.
Heisenberg, Werner - German physicist,
1901 - 1976.
atomic number - The number of an element is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus.
atomic mass - The mass of the element.
atomic mass unit (amu) - This is a measurement of the atomic mass. One amu is
roughly equal to the mass of one proton.
beta radiation - Beta radiation occurs
when high-speed electrons decompose
from the nucleus.
Bohr, Niels - Danish physicist, 1885 1962.
DeBroglie, Louis - French physicist, 1892
- 1987.
electron - Negatively charged particle that
orbits the nucleus of atoms.
element - An atom with a unique number
of protons.
energy - In physics and chemistry, work,
or the capacity to do work.
energy levels - Electrons orbit the nucleus
of atoms with different levels of energy.
These energy levels are sometimes called
shells or levels.
fourth quantum number - Refers to the
spin of the electron.
fission - When the nucleus of atoms are
split apart, releasing energy.
fusion - When two hydrogen atoms fuse
under extreme heat, energy is released.
Fusion is the energy of the sun and stars.
Hund's Rule of Maximum Multiplicity Electrons fill the energy levels in regular
patterns. They first fill the s orbitals, then
the p, and so on.
hydrogen - The element with the atomic
number of one and symbol of H.
Hydrogen is the most common element in
the universe.
ion - An atom with more or less electrons
than protons.
isotopes - Atoms that have more or less
neutrons than protons.
matter - Material that makes up objects.
Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
mass - The total quantity of an object's
matter.
neutron - Particles in the nucleus of
atoms that have no electrical charge.
nuclear stability - An atom that is electrically neutral has an equal number of protons and electrons.
nucleus - The center of an atom.
orbitals - The shapes of the orbits of electrons.
oxidation numbers - Numbers indicating
whether an ion has a positive or negative
charge.
oxygen - An element with atomic number
of 8 and symbol of O.
periodic table - The arrangements of elements according to their atomic number
and group.
planetary model - The theory that electrons circle the nucleus of atoms like
orbiting planets. Chemists and physicists
abandoned this model when Quantum
Theory was developed.
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principle quantum number - Often
referred to as "n." This number refers to
the energy of the orbitals.
proton - Positively charged part of the
nucleus of atoms.
quanta - Quantities of energy.
quantum numbers - Four numbers that
describe the motion of electrons.
Quantum Theory - The theory that
explains matter and energy at atomic and
sub-atomic levels, sometimes called
Quantum Mechanics.
quarks - Sub-atomic particles of matter.
There are six different types of quarks but
only two occur in the nucleus of atoms.
radioactive decay - Occurs when the
original nucleus of an element decomposes to form a new nucleus, releasing radiation.
Rutherford, Earnest - British physicist
(New Zealand), 1871 - 1937.
second quantum number - Refers to the
shape of the orbital.
strong nuclear force - The force that
holds the nucleus of atoms together. It is
one of the fundamental forces of the universe.
third quantum number - Refers to the
orientation of the orbital.
Thomson, J. J. - British physicist, 1856 1937.
transuranium elements - There are 92
elements found naturally in the universe.
Several elements, with atomic numbers
greater than 92, have been created under
laboratory conditions. They are called
transuranium elements.
Uncertainty Principle - The theory that it
is impossible to know precisely the location and velocity of electrons at the same
time.
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2b
ATOMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER
from the Elements of Chemistry Series
Use the Right Word
Directions: Find the right word from the vocabulary list that completes the following sentences.
1. An ____________ is the term used to describe the shape of the orbits of electrons.
2. An atom with more or less electrons than protons is called a ____________.
3. ____________ are atoms that have more or less neutrons than protons.
4. A ____________ is a positively charged particle in the nucleus of atoms.
5. Particles in the nucleus of atoms that have no electrical charge are called ____________.
6. All ____________ occurs when the nucleus of an atom decomposes to form a new nucleus.
7. The modern explanation of matter and energy at atomic and sub-atomic levels is called ____________
Theory.
8. The ____________ Principle holds that it is impossible to know the location and velocity of electrons at
the same time.
9. Elements with an atomic number greater than 92 are called ____________ elements.
10. An atom with a unique number of protons is called an ____________.
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Name ____________
2c
ATOMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER
from the Elements of Chemistry Series
Word Match
Directions: Connect the word with the proper definition.
electron
center of the atom
element
the shapes of the orbits of the electrons
ion
positively charged particle
isotope
when a nucleus of an element decays
nucleus
sub-atomic particles
orbitals
atom with more or less neutrons than protons
proton
elements with atomic numbers greater than 92
quarks
negatively charged particle
radioactive
atom with a unique number of protons
transuranium
atom with more or less electrons than protons
© 2003 Algonquin Educational Productions
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3
ATOMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER
from the Elements of Chemistry Series
Connected/Not Connected
Directions: Place the following words in the proper sentences.
alpha
atomic mass
atomic number
electrical
electron
elements
energy
fission
fusion
gamma
hydrogen
ions
isotopes
neutrons
oxygen
periodic
predictability
protons
quantum
uncertainty
1. ____________ are connected to ____________ because these two types of sub-atomic particles are in the
nucleus of atoms.
2. ____________ is NOT connected to ____________ because one refers to the mass of an element and the
other refers to the number of protons in its nucleus.
3. An ____________ is connected to a negative ____________ charge because it holds a negative charge.
4. ____________ are NOT connected to ____________ because one is an atom with more or less electrons
than protons and the other is an atom with more or less neutrons than protons.
5. The ____________ table is connected to ____________ because this table is a list of them by their atomic number.
6. ____________ is NOT connected to ____________ because one is a process where atoms fuse, releasing
energy, and the other is a process where the nucleus of atoms splits apart, releasing energy.
7. ____________ radiation is connected to ____________ radiation because both occur when the nucleus
of atoms decompose.
8. ____________ is NOT connected to oxygen because one of these elements has the atomic number of 1
and the other has the atomic number of 8.
9. ____________ Theory is connected to ____________ levels because the theory explains the pattern of
activity of electrons around the nucleus of atoms.
10. The ____________ Principle is NOT connected to ____________ because it holds that it is impossible to
know precisely the location and velocity of an electron at the same time.
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ATOMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER
from the Elements of Chemistry Series
Crossword Puzzle
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Across:
2. When the nucleus of an atom decomposes.
4. An atom with a unique numberof protons.
7. Material that makes up objects.
8. Atomic mass unit.
9. Shapes of the orbits of electrons.
12. Negatively charged particle.
14. Atom with more or less neutrons than protons.
15. ____ Theory explains matter at sub-atomic levels.
1. ___ Principle holds that the location and velocity
of electrons cannot be known at the same time.
3. Fundamental unit of measure.
5. Total quantity of an object’s matter.
10. Atom with more or less electrons than protons.
11. Particle in the nucleus with no electrical charge.
13. Positively charged particle in the nucleus of
atoms.
Down:
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Name ____________
5
ATOMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER
from the Elements of Chemistry Series
Creative Writing Story Ideas
Directions: Choose from one of the ideas listed below and write a story or dramatization. Include plot
lines that follow scientific principles and key vocabulary terms.
1. A group of ancient Greek philosophers is sitting near the Acropolis discussing their ideas about the fundamental make up of matter. Write an account of their dialogue.
2. Write a fictionalized account of Ernest Rutherford's work in the discovery and explanation of the atom.
3. A group of chemists, working in a laboratory, is trying to create the transuranium element 126. What happens?
4. The ultimate shrinking machine has been invented that will reduce people to the size of an atom. Three
scientists have been selected to make the first voyage into the atomic and sub-atomic world. Describe their
adventure.
5. Write a humorous sketch of two students attempting to find a way to divide water, H2O, into its component
elements.
© 2003 Algonquin Educational Productions
Published and Distributed by United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.
Name ____________
6
ATOMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER
from the Elements of Chemistry Series
Video Quiz
Directions: Answer the following either True or False, or fill in the blank with the correct word to
make it true.
1. Protons have a positive electrical charge, electrons have a negative electrical charge, and neutrons have
no charge.
T_______ F_______
2. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter.
T_______ F_______
3. There are different types of atoms with different numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons. They
are called ____________.
4. Every element has an atomic number determined by the number of neutrons found in the nucleus.
T_______ F_______
5. When atoms have fewer or more neutrons than protons, they are called ____________.
6. The atomic mass of an atom is the total mass of its protons, electrons, and neutrons.
T_______ F_______
7. When an atom loses or gains one or more electrons, it is called an ____________.
8. The properties of an element depend on the behavior of its electrons.
T_______ F______
9. Electrons with a given energy follow certain patterns around the nucleus. These are called atomic
____________.
10. The first quantum number describes the spin of an electron.
T_______ F_______
© 2003 Algonquin Educational Productions
Published and Distributed by United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.
Name ____________
7
ATOMS: THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER
from the Elements of Chemistry Series
Post-Test
Directions: Fill in the blank with the appropriate term from the list below.
atom
chemistry
electrical
electron
element
energy
fission
fusion
ions
isotope
matter
neutron
nucleus
orbitals
particles
proton
quantum
sub-atomic
transuranium
uncertainty
1. An atom is held together by the positive and negative ____________ charges between the protons and
the electrons.
2. An atom with a unique number of protons is called an ____________.
3. ____________ elements have atomic numbers greater than 92.
4. The theory that it is impossible to know the location and velocity of electrons at the same time is called
the ____________ Principle.
True or False
Directions: Fill in the blank with True or False. If the statement is false, change it to make the statement true. Rewrite the true statement in the space provided.
5. __________ The Uncertainty Principle explains that science can never understand atoms.
6. __________ Electrons circle the nucleus of atoms in regular orbits like planets circling the sun.
7. __________ Electrons have a negative electrical charge and protons have a positive electrical charge.
These electrical charges attract each other and it is that attraction that holds the atom together.
8. __________ Ions always have more electrons than protons.
9. __________ Every element has the same atomic mass.
Essay Section
Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Use the back of this page or a separate sheet of paper to write your answers.
10. Why was it so difficult for scientists to understand the atom?
11. Explain the atomic mass unit (amu).
12. Why do chemists picture orbitals like clouds that are dense in some areas and less dense in others?
© 2003 Algonquin Educational Productions
Published and Distributed by United Learning
All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.